ʻO Eagles (lat.Aquila) kahi genus o nā manu nui o ka manu lele e pili ana i ka ʻohana Hawk a me ke ʻano Hawk. ʻO ia mau mea hōʻano hulu hipa e ʻaiʻē i ko lākou inoa Lūkia i ke aʻa Old Slavonic "op", ʻo ia hoʻi ka huaʻōlelo "māmā".
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻaeto
ʻO ka moʻaukala o ka manu hanohano o ka mea pio kāna aʻa i ka wā kahiko, akā i ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu o ka hapa nui o nā poʻe o ka honua, ʻo ka ʻaeto i kēia lā e hoʻokau nei i ka hanohano a me ka pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi, ka lanakila a me ka mana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā aeto i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa e ka nui nui, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kekahi mau mākua he 80-95 cm paha.... Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻaeto wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke aeto he mea ʻokoʻa ma waena o 3-7 kg. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa: ʻo ka ʻaeto dwarf a me ka ʻaeto steppe.
Helehelena
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus e kahi kino nui me kahi papa o ka mākala i hoʻomohala ʻia a lōʻihi, mau wāwae ikaika, hulu ʻia a hiki i nā manamana wāwae. Hoʻopili ka poʻo poʻo o nā ʻaeto, me ka ʻāʻī ikaika a me ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā maka maka nunui e ka neʻe liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka ʻāpana hoʻomohala maikaʻi o ka ʻāʻī ma mua o ka uku ʻia e kahi hemahema liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā ʻaeto ka nui nui o nā māiʻuʻu, a me ka nuku ikaika loa me ka wēlau i hāwele ʻia, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kēlā ʻano manu e like me ke ʻano o ka predatory. Ulu nā māiʻuʻu a me ka nuku o ka ʻaeto i loko o ke ola o kahi mea ʻino, akā hāʻawi ka hana nui a nā manu i kā lākou wili paʻa ʻana. ʻO nā ʻelele āpau o ka ʻohana Hawk a me ka genus Eagles he mau ʻēheu ākea a ākea hoʻi, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi i hiki aku ai i 250 cm, e ʻae ai i ka manu lele e lele i kahi manawa lōʻihi ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 600-700 mau mika.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā ʻaeto, ʻoiai me ka ikaika o ka pā ʻana o ka makani, hiki ke kū i ke au o ka ea, no laila e luʻu maʻalahi lākou i kahi mea pio e ʻike ʻia i ka wikiwiki o 300-320 km / h.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike maka ʻia nā aeto e ke kūlohelohe, mahalo i nā manu lele e hiki ai ke nānā aku mai kahi kiʻekiʻe loa a hiki i ka mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi loa, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e nā moʻo, nā moʻo a me nāʻiole, a me ka ʻike maka ākea ke kōkua i ka manu e nānā maʻalahi i nā wahi ākea a 12 m.2... Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻolohe ʻana e nā aeto makua, ka nui no ke kumu o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, a hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ke ʻano o ka honi manu.
ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka plumage nui o ka ʻaeto i ka ʻano o nā ʻano, no laila he monochromatic paha ia a i ʻole he ʻokoʻa a me nā kiko. ʻO ka lele o kahi ʻaeto o kēlā me kēia ʻano e ʻike ʻia e nā hōʻailona kūikawā o ka maneuverability, hele pū me nā pale hohonu a ikaika hoʻi o nā ʻeheu.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He manu monogamous nā ʻaeto, hiki ke koho i hoʻokahi wale no hoa no lākou no ke ola, no laila ʻo ia mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana Hawk a me ka genus Eagles e noho pālua nei. I mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai, hiki i nā mea ʻume hulu ke pōʻai i ka lewa no kekahi mau hola a nānā aku i ka mea pio... Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole nui ka manawa o ka hana ʻimi holoholona, no laila lilo ka ʻaeto i kahi ʻāpana nui o ko lākou ola e nānā ana i nā mea e hana nei a puni. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, mālama ʻia ka meaʻai i ke kolo aeto aeto no kekahi mau lā, kahi e hoʻopau ai i ka pono o kahi manu manu e alualu i kēlā me kēia lā.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai nā ʻaeto
Ma ka awelika, i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe paha, ola nā ʻaeto i kahi hapahā o ke kenekulia, akā aia kekahi mau ʻano i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā ʻaetoeto a me nā ʻaeto gula ma ka noho pio ʻana ke noho no kanalimakūmālima mau makahiki, a ʻo nā aeto ola lōʻihi i ʻike ʻia a hiki i ke kanawalu makahiki.
Nā ʻano ʻaeto
Wahi a nā noiʻi ʻepekema i hana ʻia e nā ʻepekema Kelemania ma lalo o ka hapalua kenekulia i hala aku nei, nā ʻelele o nā laha āpau i pili i ka moʻomeheu Аquila, Нiеrаеtus, Lophaetus a me Iсtinaetus, a me ka genus narragornis i pau, kahi hui monophyletic hoʻokahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā ʻaeto maoli mai ka hui Aquila he kūpuna maʻamau ia no nā mea āpau.
I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ke kūlana ʻōnaehana o nā ʻauhau āpau mai kēia pūʻulu e ke kahua o ka loiloi, i hele pū ʻia me kahi hoʻoholo manawa ʻole e hoʻohui i ka ʻauhau i loko o ka genus Aquila.
- Aeto Hawk (Аquila fаsciata) - ma mua he laha o Hieraaetus fаssiаtus. ʻO 46-55 knm ka lōʻihi ʻēheu awelika, me ka lōʻihi o ka manu o 65-75 cm a me ke kaupaona o 1.5-2.5 kg. ʻO kaʻeleʻele o ka manu makua he ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, hina ka huelo me ke kū ʻana o kahi lauʻeleʻele transverse. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻōpū kahi buffy a keʻokeʻo paha me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kaha lōkihi ʻeleʻele a me nā kahakaha ʻeleʻele i nā hulu ma kahi o ka tibia a undertail. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine o ka laha ma mua o nā kāne;
- Nā ʻaeto ʻEleʻele (ʻO Akuila renata) - ma mua he laha o Hieraaetus pennatus. ʻO ka nui a me nā kaulike o ke kino o kēia laha e like me nā buzzards liʻiliʻi, akā he ʻano ʻaeto ko ka predator. ʻO ka awelika o ka hānai hulu: ka lōʻihi 45-53 cm, me ka ʻēheu o 100-132 cm a me ke kaumaha ma kahi o 500-1300 g. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne i ke kala, a he pōkole a nuku hoʻi ka nuku ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike ʻia ke kala e nā "morphs" ʻelua - he ʻano pouli a me kekahi ʻano māmā, akā ʻo ka lua o nā ʻano e loaʻa pinepine ʻia;
- Nā ʻaeto ʻEkela ʻĀnia (Аquila kiеnеrii) - ma mua Нiеraаеtus kienеrii. ʻO kahi manu liʻiliʻi, mai kona lōʻihi mai 46-61 knm me kahi lōʻihi o nā ʻeheu ākea a kiko iki hoʻi i kahi pae o 105-140 cm. Ua hoʻopuni iki ʻia ka huelo. He manu ʻeleʻele ko ke kino kiʻekiʻe o luna, kolo keʻokeʻo, auwae a me ka puʻu. ʻO nā wāwae a me ke kino o lalo he ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula me nā kaha ʻeleʻele ākea. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i kēia ʻano;
- Aeto gula (Аquila chrysаеtоs) He ʻelele nui a ikaika hoʻi o ka genus, me ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma ke kaona o 76-93 cm, me ka ʻēheu o 180-240 cm. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, a hiki ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kaumaha ma waena o 3.8-6.7 kg. Kaha ka nuku o ka manu no kēia ʻano - ʻaeto, ua kaomi ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao a kiʻekiʻe, me kahi ʻano like o ka lou i lalo;
- Nā hale kanu (ʻO Aquila helias) He poʻe hūnā hulu nui me nā ʻeheu lōʻihi a ākea, a me kahi huelo pololei. ʻO ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o kahi manu he 72-84 cm, me ka ʻēheu o 180-215 cm a me ke kaupaona o ke kiʻekiʻe o 2.4-4.5 kg. Hele pinepine nā wahi a me nā wahi noho o nā ilina a me nā aeto gula;
- Aeto pōhaku (Аquila rarakh) He mau mea ʻaihue me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 60-70 cm, me ka ʻēheu o 160-180 cm a me ke kaumaha o 1.8-2.5 kg. ʻOkoʻa nā Morphs i ka ʻokoʻa makahiki ma ke kala o ka plumage, nā ʻaoʻao o nā ʻaoʻao a me kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o kēlā me kēia.
- ʻAeto ʻaeto (ʻO Aquila niralensis) He predators 60-85 cm ka lōʻihi, me ka ʻēheu o 220-230 cm a me ka awelika o 2.7-4.8 kg. ʻO ke kala o ka plumage o nā manu makua e hōʻike ʻia e kahi kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, pinepine me kahi ʻulaʻula i ka nape a me nā hulu ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele kumu mua. ʻEleʻele ka hulu o ka huelo me nā ʻāpana hina hina hina.
- Aeto Koki Nui (Аquila сlаngа) a me ka Lesser Spaced Eagle (Аquila romarina) - nā manu manu pio mai ka ʻohana Hawk, kahi e pono ai ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā manu o ka genus Lophaetus a i ʻole Istinaetus;
- ʻAeto ʻaeto (Аquila verreuxii) He ʻauhau Lākina. ʻOkoʻa ka manu o ka mea pio i ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ka laulā o 70-95 cm me ke kaumaha o ke kino o 3.5-4.5 kg me ka ʻēheu o ʻelua mau mika;
- Nā ʻaeto Molokaʻi (ʻO Aquila gurneyi) - nā manu nui, ʻike ʻia e ka heluna liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma waena o 74-85 cm, me ka ʻēheu o 170-190 cm.ʻO ke awelika o ka wahine he ʻekolu kilokika;
- Aeto kālā kālā (Аquila wаhlbergi) He mau manu diurnal o ka mea pio me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 55-60 cm me ka ʻēheu o nā 130-160 cm ka nui. Loaʻa kēia ʻano i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻApelika.
- ʻAeto ʻaeto huelo (Аquila audax) ʻO nā mea hulu hulu i ke ao mai ka ʻohana Yastrebiny, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi mika me ka ʻēheu o nā mika ʻelua wale nō. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, a ʻo ko lākou kaumaha ka pinepine o 5 kg.
ʻO Aquila kuroshkini, a i ʻole Pliocene, kahi ʻano aeto fossil. ʻAno like nā aeto kaulike o kēia ʻano i ka morphology me nā aeto Hawk o kēia au.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka laulā a me ka palena o ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā aeto he ākea ākea, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka nohona e pili pono i nā ʻano o ka manu o ka manu. Eia nō naʻe, no nā lālā a pau o ka ʻohana, ke ʻano o ke koho ʻana o kahi wahi, mamao loa ia mai ka nohona kanaka a me ka nohona, no laila, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā ʻaeto i nā hiʻohiʻona mauna a i ʻole semi-hāmama.
ʻO kahi laʻana, nā aeto gula e noho ana i ka panalāʻau o ko mākou ʻāina, e like me ka ʻākau o ka Caucasus a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o Primorye, pūnana, ma ke ʻano he rula, i loko o nā wahi ululāʻau paʻakikī, a me ko lākou mau ʻohana Austraia, nā aeto gula huelo, e ʻoluʻolu e like me ka hiki i nā wahi ulu lāʻau o New Guinea. Koho ka ʻaeto ʻeleʻele i nā ʻāpana steppe a me nā semi-wao nahele ma ke ʻano he wahi noho, noho i nā panalāʻau mai Transbaikalia a i ke kai ʻEleʻele.
Ua koho lōʻihi ʻia nā aeto Imperial e nā panalāʻau steppe o Ukraine, nā ʻāpana steppe o Kazakhstan, nā ululāʻau ma Czech Republic, Romania a me Sepania. Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa nā manu peʻa manuahi i nā panalāʻau nui o ʻIrana a me Kina, ma Solowakia a me Hungary, Kelemānia a me Helene. Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi nā lāhui he nui i nā lālā o ke ʻano e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻalahi i nā manu ʻimi holoholona, a i ka wā o ka mōʻī Lūkia, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā ʻia nā aeto gula, a ma hope ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻalopeke a me nā ʻīlio hae.
ʻAi ʻaeto
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka Prey no kahi manu lele e nā holoholona o ka nui nui, e like me ka ʻalopeke, kahi ʻīlio hae, a me nā dia, akā ʻo ka hare liʻiliʻi a me nā gopher, a me kekahi manu a me nā iʻa, hāʻule i nā manu. I ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi mea pio ola no ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki paha i nā ʻaeto ke ʻai i ke kino make, ʻoiai e hānai ʻia ana e nā mea hulu manu ʻaʻole wale ma ka ʻāina, akā pili pono hoʻi i ka wai.
Hoihoi ia! Hāʻule nā holoholona he nui i loko o ka mahele o nā mea ʻai ponoʻī predator, e like me ka lofura ʻeleʻele, ka ululāʻau a me nā moa kūloko, nā mānoanoa a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi, nā nūnū ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā kūpuna, nā kuhukukū a me nā squirrels.
ʻO ka mea pio i hopu ʻia, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻai koke ʻia e ka manu a hānai ʻia paha e nā moa. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, luku ʻia nā moʻo ʻawaʻawa loa e kekahi ʻano o nā aeto. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻai ka ʻaeto i ka nui o ka wai, a no ka manawa lōʻihi e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i kāna plumage.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO nā manu lele, i hui pū me nā ʻaeto, hiki i ka piha piha o ka moekolohe ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā ʻaeto o nā pūnana like ʻole ma nā kumulāʻau a lāʻau paha, akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa ma nā pōhaku, me nā ʻaeto kuahiwi. Mālama nā hoa ʻelua i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka pūnana, akā pinepine ka hoʻolimalima ʻana o nā wahine i ka ikaika, ka mākau a me ka manawa i kēia kaʻina hana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi pūnana paʻa pono loa e nā manu no kekahi mau makahiki.
I kekahi manawa hopu nā manu o ka iʻa i nā pūnana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, i hana ʻia e nā manu nui, e laʻa me ka ʻokane a me ka falcon... Hoʻomoe wale nā wahine wahine i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, a hiki i kā lākou helu āpau ke hōʻea i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua e pili pono i nā ʻano o ka ʻaeto. ʻO nā moa aeto i hānau ʻia kokoke e hōʻike koke i ko lākou ʻano pugniful. I loko o ia mau hakakā, make nā aeto nāwaliwali a maikaʻi ʻole paha ma muli o nā hahau ikaika i loaʻa iā lākou mai ko lākou nuku aku.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā pāʻani moena o nā ʻaeto e nā kiʻi lewa kupaianaha, kahi e komo ai nā mea ʻelua, a ukali pū ʻia me ka hoa aloha ma hope o kekahi, lele lele, kahi luʻu ʻoi loa a me nā hoʻohuli ʻoniʻoni.
ʻO nā mākua nui nā aeto kupapaʻu, nā mea e hoʻouluulu i nā hua manu i hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa. I ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki he ʻekolu o ka makahiki o ka pua hānai, hoʻomaka ka poʻe mākua e aʻo i nā moa e lele. Mahalo i ka hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi, hiki i nā manu ʻōpio o ke pio ke lele i nā wā lōʻihi i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hānai ʻana i nā moa o nā ʻaeto ʻele, kahi e pūnana pono ana ma ka honua a kūkulu i nā hale e hoʻohana ana i nā lālā, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka hoihoi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā hua e nā wahine, a lawe nā kāne i ka meaʻai i kā lākou moa. Mālama nā mākua ʻelua i nā keiki hānau. Hiki i nā manu ʻōpio ke ʻauana a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pālua maikaʻi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻOiai ko lākou ikaika kūlohelohe a me ka mana, aia nā ʻaeto i kēia manawa i nā loulou nāwaliwali i ke kaulahao kaiaola kūlohelohe. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, he kakaikahi nā ʻenemi o kēnā manu ʻino a me nā manu nui, akā make paha nā manu makua ma muli o ke kaua kūlike ʻole me ka hoa paio lele lele a i ʻole kahi ʻīlio hae maʻamau.
ʻOi aku ka weliweli o nā lā wī no nā aeto, no laila ke kūpaʻa mau a me ka paʻa o ke kino no ka nui o nā mea ʻai iʻa nui nā manu e like me nā latitude e hana i ka neʻe ʻana i nā ʻāina hema, e pili ana i nā ʻano manu lele.
Mea nui! I nā makahiki me ka lawa pono o ka meaʻai meaʻai, nui ka nui o nā moa i kū i ka pūnana, akā i ka nele o kahi kahua meaʻai, hoʻokahi wale nō bipi keiki e mau nei ke ola.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻike he nui a me nā noiʻi ʻepekema, ʻo ka palau ʻana o nā wahi hou o nā ʻāina puʻupaʻa a me ka nalo ʻana o nā holoholona hihiu ma luna o lākou ke kumu o ka nele o nā kumu ʻai i kamaʻāina i ka ʻaeto, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka make nui ʻana o nā manu i ka pōloli. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā ʻaeto, ʻaʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe, make pinepine i ka wā e hui ai me nā laina uila, i kumu ʻia e ka hoʻāʻo o nā mea hulu hulu e hoʻolako i nā pūnana ma kahi pou uila maʻamau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia manawa, nā manu manu ʻio mai ka ʻohana Hawk, i pani ʻia e:
- ʻAeto Hawk (A.fаsciata a i ʻole H.fаsciatus);
- Aeto hawk India (Lhorhotriorchis kieneri);
- Berkut (A. chrysaetos);
- ʻAeto ʻaeto (A. arakh);
- Aeto Kaffir (A.verreauuxii);
- ʻAeto ʻaeto (A.wahlbergi);
- ʻAeto ʻaeto huelo (A.audax).
Ua loaʻa i nā manu ke kūlana mālama "Vulnerable Species":
- Kahua Kanu (A. helias);
- Ke kanu kanu Sepania (A.adalberti);
- Aeto kuhikuhipuʻuone nui (A. clanga).
ʻO ka lālani ʻaneʻane e hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻaeto Steppe (A. niralensis), a ʻo ka ʻaeto Moluccan (Аquila gurneyi) kokoke i kahi kūlana nāwaliwali. ʻO ka ʻaeto dwarf (A. renata a me H. renata) a me ka ilina ma nā ʻāina he nui i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao o ka puke ʻulaʻula.
ʻAeto a me ke kāne
ʻO ka ʻaeto kekahi o nā hōʻailona nui o Lūkia, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia kona kiʻi ma ke kapa kila o ko mākou ʻāina... Eia naʻe, minamina nui i nā mea hoʻonaninani, no ka ʻāpana o nā lāhui hihiu hihiu loa o nā manu ʻili hulu i helu ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka puke Red.
ʻO nā manu haʻaheo haʻaheo e kokoke ana i ka luku ʻia ʻana, no ka nui o nā hana a ke kanaka, a ʻo ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ʻaʻole ma muli wale nō ia o ka ʻimi ʻana a me nā ʻano anthropogenic like ʻole, akā e ka hanana kaiaolaola maʻamau i nā wahi noho o nā aeto e piʻi nui ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. E hoʻomanaʻo ia ʻo ia ka Red Book e kōkua ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka manawa kūpono a hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻano o nā ʻaeto i makaʻu a i ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka make loa, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻololi i ke kūlana me ka lehulehu no ka ʻoi aku.
