ʻO Elephants (lat. Elerhantidae) kahi ʻohana no nā māmela o ka Chordate a me ke kauoha Proboscis. I kēia lā, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā mea mamele e alakaʻi ana i kahi nohona ʻāina e hāʻawi ʻia i kēia ʻohana he nui. Aia i loko o ka ʻohana Elepani ʻekolu mauʻano o nā ʻelepani o kēia ao mai nā hanauna ʻelua, a me kekahi moʻokūʻauhau kahiko o nā mea hānai pēpē.
Kaupaona o nā ʻelepani e nā laha
ʻO nā ʻelepani ʻApelika (Lokhodonta) e hoʻopili i nā ʻelepani ulu (Lokhodonta afrisana), ka ʻelepani nahele (Lokhodonta syslotis) a me ka elepani Dwarf (Lohodonta crutzburgi). ʻO nā ʻano ʻelepani ʻĀnia (Elerhas) e hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻelepani ʻĀnia (Elerhas makhimus), ka ʻelepani dwarf elepani (Elerhas cyrriotes) a me ka ʻelepani dwarf Sicilian (Elerhas fаlconeri) ʻO ka ʻelepani huelo pololei hoʻi ka nahele (Palaelohodon antiquus) a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui.
Kaupaona elepani ʻApelika
ʻO nā elepani ʻApelika (Lohodonta) kahi ʻano o nā māmala mai ʻApelika mai, e pili ana i ke kaʻina o ka proboscis. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e nā ʻano lā ʻelua: ka ʻelepani ulu (Lokhodonta afrisana) a me ka ʻelepani nahele (Lohodonta cyclotis). Wahi a nā noiʻi hou o ka DNA nukelea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau lālani ʻelua ʻApelika mai ka genus Lohodonta ma kahi o 1.9 a me 7.1 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā i kēia mau lā ua manaʻo ʻia he mau ʻāpana ʻohana (Lohodonta africana africana a me L. africana cyclotis). I kēia lā, ke ʻike ʻia nei kahi ʻano ʻekolu - ka ʻelepani ʻApelika Hikina.
ʻO ke kaupaona kaumaha loa ka pono o nā ʻelepani ʻApelika.... ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o kahi kāne makua hoʻomohala maikaʻi hiki ke lilo i 7.0-7.5 tausani kilokika, a i ʻole ma kahi o ʻehiku a me ka hapalua o nā tona. ʻO ia ʻano nui o ka holoholona ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻelepani ʻApelika, e lele ana i loko o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau mika i ka mae ʻana, a i kekahi manawa ke kiʻekiʻe iki aʻe. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka Elephants o ka nahele nā lālā liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻohana: ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kanaka makua ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 2.5 mika, me ke kaumaha o 2500 kg a i ʻole 2.5 ton. ʻO nā lunamaka o nā ʻāpana ʻelepani elepani, ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ia nā holoholona nui loa o ka honua. Hiki i ke kaupaona kaumaha o ke kāne makua kāne he 5.0-5.5 mau tona a ʻoi paha, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā holoholona i ka laulā o 2.5-3.5 mau mika.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka hapalua miliona mau elepani ʻApelika e kū nei i kēia manawa ka hapahā o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻāpana ʻelepani ʻĀkau a ma kahi o ʻekolu hapahā o nā ʻāpana ʻelepani elepani.
ʻAʻohe holoholona o ka honua e hiki ke kaupaona ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua o ke kaumaha o ke kino o ka ʻelepani ʻApelika. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine o kēia laha i ka nui a me ke kaumaha, akā paʻakikī i kekahi manawa e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai kahi kāne makua kāne kolohe. ʻOkoʻa ka lōʻihi awelika o ka wahine ʻelepani wahine ʻelima mai 5.4 a 6.9 m, me kahi kiʻekiʻe a ʻekolu mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o kahi wahine makua ma kahi o ʻekolu tone.
Kaupaona elepani ʻĀnia
ʻO nā ʻelepani ʻĀkia, a i ʻole nā ʻelepani ʻĀnia (lat. Elerhas makhimus) he mau mea mammal lākou no ke kauoha Proboscis. ʻO lākou wale nō nā lā hou o ka genes elephant Asiatic (Elerhas) a me kekahi o ʻekolu mau lā hou e pili ana i ka ʻohana ʻelepani. ʻO nā ʻelepa Asia ka lua o nā holoholona ʻāina nui ma hope o nā elepani savannah.
Kupaianaha loa nā ana o ka ʻelepani India a me ʻĀsia paha. I ka hopena o ko lākou ola, hiki i nā kāne kāne kahiko i ke kino o 5.4-5.5 mau tona, me ke kiʻekiʻe awelika o 2.5-3.5 mau mika. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine o kēia laha ma mua o ke kāne, no laila ʻo ka awelika o kēlā holoholona makua he 2.7-2.8 wale nō. Ma waena o nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi loa o ke kauoha Proboscis a me nā ʻano o nā ʻelepani India i ka nui a me ke kaupaona nā subspecies mai ka panalāʻau o Kalimantan. ʻO ka awelika ke kaupaona o ia holoholona i kākaʻikahi ka nui ma mua o 1.9-2.0 tone.
ʻO ka nui a me ke kaumaha o ke kino o nā ʻelepani ʻĀkia ma muli o nā ʻano hānai o kahi māmela.... ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻehā āpau o nā ʻelepani ʻĀkia, e like me ka ʻelepani ʻĀnia (E. m. Indisus), ka ʻelepani Sri Lankan a i ʻole Ceylon elepani (E. mахimus), a me ka ʻelepani Sumatera (E. sumatrensis) a me ka ʻelepani Borne (E. bearensis), hoʻopau i kahi nui ka nui o nā meaʻai. Noho kēia mau ʻelepani ma kahi o iwakālua mau hola i ka lā e ʻimi a ʻai ana i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole o nā mea kanu. I ka manawa like, ʻai hoʻokahi kanaka makua ma kahi o 150-300 mau kilogram o nā mea kanu lau nahele, ʻohe a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai e ʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā ma kahi o 6-8% o ka nui o ke kino o ka māmuma. I nā helu liʻiliʻi, ʻai ka ʻelepa i ka ʻili, nā aʻa a me nā lau o nā mea kanu, a me nā hua a me nā pua. Huki ʻia ka mauʻu lōʻihi, nā lau a me nā pua e nā ʻelepani e kahi kumu maʻalahi. Ua ʻeli ʻia ka mauʻu pōkole loa me nā keʻehi ikaika. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili mai nā lālā nui loa me nā molara, ʻoiai ka lālā e paʻa ʻia e ka pahu i kēia manawa. Hoʻonā ʻoluʻolu nā ʻelepani i nā mea kanu mahiʻai, e like me nā māla laiki, ke kanu ʻana i ka maiʻa a i ʻole ke kō. ʻO ia ke kumu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā ʻelepani ʻĀnia e like me nā mea nui o nā mea mahiʻai mahiʻai e pili ana i ka nui.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka heluna nui o nā heluna o nā ʻelepa ʻĀkia i kēia manawa ʻānō akā hele kokoke i nā pae koʻikoʻi, a i kēia lā aia ma kahi o iwakāluakūmālima kaukani mau kānaka o kēia ʻano o nā makahiki like ʻole ma kā mākou honua.
Manaʻo kekahi ʻepekema a me ka poʻe loea he ʻokoʻa ko nā ʻelepani ʻĀkia i ko lākou kumu i stegodons, i wehewehe ʻia e kahi ʻano like. Pili nā Stegodons i ka genus extossis o nā mamamals proboscis, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ke ʻano o nā niho, a me ke alo o kahi iwi nui ikaika, akā paʻa. Makemake nā ʻelepani ʻĀnia hou e noho i loko o nā ululāʻau ululāʻau a me nā subtropical deciduous me ka ulu nui, i hōʻike ʻia e nā laʻalāʻau a ʻo ka ʻohe hoʻi.
Ke kaupaona ʻana o ka elepani pēpē i ka wā hānau
Kuhi ʻia nā ʻelepani e ka wā hānau ʻoi loa o nā māmela i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi he 18-21.5 mau mahina, akā hiki ka ʻōpū i ka hoʻomohala piha ʻana e ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa, a ma hope iho ua ulu wale ia, hoʻonui i ka paona a me ka nui. ʻO ka elepani wahine, ma ke ʻano he rula, lawe mai i hoʻokahi pēpē, akā i kekahi manawa ua hānau ʻia nā ʻelepani ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o ke keiki hānau he 90-100 kg me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻohiwi ma kahi o hoʻokahi mika.
ʻO nā keiki bipi ʻelepani hānau hou he mau kua me ka awelika o 4-5 cm. Hāʻule nā niho i hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻelepani i ka makahiki ʻelua, i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā niho waiū me nā mākua. Hele nā ʻelepani pēpē i ko lākou mau wāwae ma kahi o ʻelua mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, a ma hope a laila hoʻomaka lākou e omo i ka waiū o ka makuahine momona. Me ke kōkua o ke kumu, "ʻehu" ka wahine i ka lepo a me ka honua ma luna o ka ʻōpio, kahi mea maʻalahi e hoʻomaloʻo i ka ʻili a pale pono i ka pilau mai nā holoholona holoholona. I kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i nā keiki ke hahai i kā lākou pua. Ke neʻe nei, mālama ʻia ka ʻelepani pēpē e kāna kumu e ka huelo o kona kaikuaʻana a i ʻole kona makuahine.
Mea nui! I ka makahiki ʻeono a ʻehiku paha makahiki e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻōpio mai ka ʻohana ʻohana, a ʻo ka kipaku hope loa ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona makua i ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua o ke ola o ka mammal.
ʻO nā wahine lactating āpau i ka pūʻulu like e hana nei i ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻelepani. Hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a ʻelua paha mau makahiki ka manawa o ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū, akā hoʻomaka ka ʻelepa i nā ʻano mea kanu āpau mai ka makahiki ʻeono a i ʻole ʻehiku mahina. ʻAi pū ka ʻelepani i nā feces makuahine, ka mea e kōkua ai i ka pēpē ulu e komo i nā meaʻai a me nā koʻohune simbiotic pono ʻole no ka lawe ʻana o cellulose. Hoʻomau ka mālama makuahine no nā keiki i mau makahiki.
ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo kaupaona
Loaʻa i kēia manawa ka ʻae kūhelu kūwaho e kekahi o nā holoholona o ka Safari Park kaulana, aia ma loko o nā palena o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Romat Gan. ʻO Yossi ka ʻelepani ka ʻelemakule o kēia pāka a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻelepani nui loa ma ka honua..
Hoihoi ia! Wahi a Science and Life, ʻo ka iwi iwi o ka ʻelepani nunui Archidiskodon meridionalis Nesti, i noho ma ko mākou honua ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua mālama ʻia he 80%, a ke hoʻāʻo nei ka poʻe loea i kēia manawa e hoʻihoʻi piha i ka helehelena o kēia holoholona prehistoric no ka Guinness Book of Records.
ʻO kahi loea i kono ʻia e nā limahana o ka paka safari i hoʻokele e hana i nā ana akahele o ka elepani Yossi. Kupaianaha loa nā hopena - ʻo ke kaumaha o ka māmele ma kahi o ʻeono tone me ka hoʻonui ʻana o 3.7 mika. ʻO ka hiʻu o kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka pūʻulu Proboscis he hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kumu he 2.5 mika. 120 cm ka huina loa o nā pepeiao o Yossi, a puka aku kāna mau uʻi i mua e ka hapalua mika.
ʻO ka ʻelepani ʻōpala ʻApelika, i kī ʻia ma 1974 ma Angola, lilo i mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo no ke kaupaona ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelepani. Kaupaona kēia kāne makua he 12.24 mau tona. No laila, ua hele ka mammal nunui i nā ʻaoʻao o ka Guinness Book of Records wale nō ma hope.
Nā ʻike kaumaha Elepani
ʻO nā mea hoihoi loa a me nā mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e pili ana i ka kaupaona elepani:
- ʻO ke kumu, e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana hanu, kahi ʻōnaehana multifunctional a ʻae i ka holoholona e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻike tactile, hopu i nā mea, a komo pū i ka hānai ʻana, honi, hanu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā leo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ihu, i hoʻopili ʻia me ka lehelehe luna, he 1.5-2 m a ʻoi iki aʻe;
- ʻo ka ʻōpū maʻalahi o ka wahine ʻelepani ʻĀkia he 76.6 liters a kaupaona ma kahi o 17-35 kg, ʻoiai ma nā ʻelepani ʻApelika ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻōpū he 60 liters me ke kaupaona ma ke kaha o 36-45 kg;
- ʻO ka ʻelepani ʻekolu a lobeded ʻelua a lobed paha lepera he mea mahalo nui i ka nui a me ke kaumaha. ʻO ka nui o ke akepaʻa i ka wahine he 36-45 kg, a i kahi kāne makua - ma kahi o 59-68 kg;
- ke kaupaona o nā pancreas o kahi ʻelepani makua ʻo 1.9-2.0 kg, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻikepili hilinaʻi e pili ana i nā maʻi āpau e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hana o kēia meaola;
- ʻo ke kaulike kaulike o ka puʻuwai elepani ma kahi o 0.5% o ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka māmele - ma kahi o 12-21 kg;
- Loaʻa ka lolo i ka nui o ka ʻelepani i ka nui a me ke kaumaha i waena o nā mea momona āpau i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua, a ʻokoʻa ke kaulike o ke kaumaha ma ka pae o 3.6-6.5 kg.
ʻOiai ko lākou nui nunui a me nā mea hōʻike keu o ke kaupaona, hiki i nā ʻelepani makua ke holo wikiwiki, a hana i nā maneuversʻoiʻoi a wikiwiki hoʻi, no ke ʻano o kēia mammal hanohano, kahi kū hoʻokahi no ke kaupaona o ke kino.
