ʻO Wombats, a i ʻole nā ʻōpū (Vombatidae), he ʻelele o ka ʻohana mammals marsupial, kahi o ke kauoha o ʻelua incisors, e noho nui ana ma Australia. Ke burrow nei nā ʻōpū āpau, nā mea ulu lāʻau holoʻokoʻa, e like me nā bea liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā hamster nui i ka helehelena.
Ka wehewehe o ka ʻōpū
ʻO nā māmala wahine mai ke kauoha ʻO nā marsupial ʻelua mau maka a me ka ʻohana Wombat i noho ma ko mākou honua honua ma mua o he ʻumi miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, e hōʻike pololei nei i ka kūlohelohe a me ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o ia holoholona. Ua hala aku nei he nui o nā ʻōpū o nā ʻōpū, no laila i kēia manawa, ʻelua wale nō moʻokūʻauhau mai ka ʻohana hānau i mau ʻelele o ka holoholona o kēia wā: ʻo ka ʻōpū puʻupuʻu lauoho pōkole, a ʻo ka hānau hānau lōʻihi a ʻo Queensland paha.
Helehelena
ʻO Wombats nā ʻāpana maʻamau o nā māmela hānai.... ʻO ke kaupaona kaulike o nā holoholona makua he 20-40 kg me ka lōʻihi o 70-120 knm. He kumukanawai paʻa a paʻa paʻa ka ʻōpū, he kino liʻiliʻi kona, he poʻo nui a ʻehā mau lālā maikaʻi i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Wombats e ke kū ʻana o kahi huelo liʻiliʻi, i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻohe hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻO kaʻaʻahu o iaʻano mammal i kahi kala hina a lehu lehu.
Hoihoi ia! Kūkulu ʻia ka hope o ka herbivore i kahi ala kūikawā - ma aneʻi kahi nui o nā iwi a me nā iwi i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili paʻakikī loa, kahi ʻano pale pale no ka ʻōpū.
Ke hoʻoweliweli nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe e komo i loko o ka lua i kahi holoholona ʻano ʻole, ʻo nā ʻōpū, ma ke ʻano he rula, e hōʻike i ko lākou kua a no laila pale a pale paha i ke ala i ko lākou home. Mahalo i kona nui hoihoi, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hope i mea kaua e haki i ka ʻenemi. ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou mau wāwae wāwae pōkole, ʻōpū, ke neʻe, hiki i nā wikiwiki a 40 km / h, a hiki ke piʻi i kahi kumulāʻau a ʻauʻau maikaʻi hoʻi.
Kuhi ʻia ka nānā i ke poʻo o nā "bear" like a hoʻomākeʻaka.... Nui loa ke poʻo i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka nui o ke kino, ʻoiai e pālahalaha iki ʻia, me ke alo o nā maka beady ma nā ʻaoʻao. I ka hihia o ka makaʻu maoli, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōpū ke pale aku iā ia iho, akā e hoʻouka kūpono hoʻi me kona poʻo, me ka hoʻohana ʻana no kēia kumu ʻano neʻe.
ʻO nā ā, a me nā niho o ka māmele, i ko lākou ʻano a me ko lākou helehelena, ʻano like loa me nā ʻōnaehana hana meaʻai mua o nā rodents. I waena o nā holoholona marsupial ʻē aʻe, he mau ʻōpū ia i loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o nā niho: ʻo nā lālani luna a me lalo e ʻike ʻia e ke alo o kahi mau niho ʻoki mua, a me nā niho nau. I ka manawa like, nele loa ka holoholona i nā niho angular kuʻuna.
Hoihoi ia! Kaulana nui ʻia ʻo Wombats no ke ʻano o ka ʻeli ʻana, a hiki maʻalahi ke hana i nā labyrint o lalo loa. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai nā ʻōpū ʻo nā mea ʻeli loa a nui loa.
ʻO nā lālā o ka ʻōpū i ikaika loa a muscular, ikaika loa, me nā māiʻuʻu i kau ʻia ma nā manamana wāwae ʻelima o kēlā me kēia wāwae. ʻO ke koʻo o nā lālā i hana maikaʻi ʻia e hoʻokani nui i ke ola o ka māmela. Me ke kōkua o kā lākou mau wāwae, hiki i nā "bear" mākua liʻiliʻi ke ʻeli i nā lua kūpono a me nā lumi. ʻO nā tunnels a lākou e huki pinepine ai a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 18-20 mau mika a me ka laulā o 2.5-3.0 mau mika. Kūkulu nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ke kime Dvoretstsovye marsupial a me ka ʻohana Wombat i kahi ʻano o nā "hale aliʻi" i lalo o ka honua kahi e noho ai nā ʻohana holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka nohona Wombat
ʻO Wombats ka hapanui o ka honua a me ka pō, no laila ke kumu nui ke koho ʻana i kahi e noho ai ke alo o ka lepo maloʻo i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pōhaku nui, ka wai o ka honua a me nā aʻa o ka lāʻau. Noho ka ʻōpū i ka hapa nui o ka lā i loko o kāna lua. Lawe ka hoʻomaha a hiamoe i ke ao, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli, piʻi ka mammal i luna, hoʻomehana a hoʻoikaika paha iā ia iho.
Makemake nā ʻelele āpau i nā ʻōpū e noho i nā hui nui, no laila he mea hoihoi loa ka ʻāina no ko lākou ola. ʻO nā palena o kona panalāʻau, kahi hiki i mau hectare he mau ʻumi, ke kaha ʻia me kahi ʻano o ka lepo holoholona ʻahā like. Ma o ko lākou ʻano, ʻoluʻolu nā ʻōpū a ʻaʻole makaʻu loa i nā kānaka, ʻo ia ke kumu e mālama pinepine ʻia ai lākou ma ke ʻano he home exotic.
Wā ola
E like me nā makahiki he nui o ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me nā ʻike kūlohelohe e hōʻike ana, ʻo ka awelika o ke ola ʻana o ka ʻōpū ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hiki i kahi mea māmaki ke ola no kahi hapahā o ke kenekulia, akā pili ka manawa i nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻa a me nā ʻano o ka papaʻai.
Nā ʻano o nā ʻōpū
I kēia manawa, hoʻokomo ka ʻohana i ʻekolu mau lā hou, i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ʻelua hanauna:
- ʻO Genus Lаsiоrhinus. ʻO ka lauoho lōʻihi, a i ʻole ka hulu hipa, a i ʻole nā huluhulu huluhulu (Lаsiоrhinus) he mau holoholona mai ka genus o nā mammals marsupial. ʻO kahi holoholona nui nui me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 77-100 cm, kahi lōʻihi o ka huelo o 25-60 mm a me ke kaumaha o 19-32 kg. Palupalu ka hulu a lōʻihi, ʻeleʻele-hina ma ke kua, a keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma a me nā papalina. Liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao a me ke ʻano triangular;
- ʻO Genus Vombatus. ʻO ka lauoho lauoho pōkole, a lauoho ʻole, a Tasmanian paha (Vombatus ursinus) nā holoholona pili i nā ʻano o nā māmela makamae. ʻO ka mea koho manawa wale nō o ka genus o nā ʻōpū ʻōlohelohe.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Diprotodon kahi ʻohana pili loa o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻōpū, akā ua make kēia lunamaka nui nunui o ka marsupial ma kahi o kanahā tausani makahiki i hala.
Mai ka heluna kanaka o ka hānau ʻōpū ʻo Kuiniselani, i kēia lā aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau kānaka i mālama ʻia i kahi mālama kūlohelohe liʻiliʻi ma Kuiniselani. ʻO ka ʻōpū laulā ākea o ka genus Lаsiоrhinus he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kahi mika, ʻili hina hina a me nā pepeiao ʻoi loa.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā kūpuna o nā ʻōpū, noho i luna o nā kumulāʻau, a neʻe mai kekahi lālā i kahi lālā e hoʻohana ana i nā huelo lōʻihi, e like me nā mōʻī āpau, a i ʻole hopu ʻia ma ke kumu o nā mea kanu e hoʻohana ana i nā manamana nui ma kā lākou mau wāwae. Ua pili kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka laulā a me nā wahi noho o ka mammal o kēia au.
ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi loa i aʻo ʻia ʻo Austrian marsupial lauoho lōʻihi a hulu hulu hipa paha e ʻike ʻia ma ka hema hikina o ʻAukekulia Hema a me ke komohana ʻo Victoria, a me ke komohana hema ʻo New South Wales, ma ka hema a me waena ʻo Kuiniselani. ʻEkolu mau ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia o ka genus Vombatus a i ʻole nā ʻōpū puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi: ʻo Vombatus ursinus hirsutus, e noho ana ma Nūhōlani, ʻo Vombatus ursinus tasmaniensis, e noho ana ma Tasmania, a me Vombatus ursinus ursinus, noho wale ma Flinders Island.
ʻAiʻai Wombat
ʻAi ʻoluʻolu ʻo Wombats e ʻai i nā wana mauʻu ʻōpio... I kekahi manawa ʻai pū nā māmela i nā aʻa a me nā limu, nā hua berry a me nā hua. Mahalo i nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lehelehe luna, hiki i nā ʻōpū ke koho pololei a mākaukau hoʻi e koho i kahi papaʻai na lākou iho.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā niho mua o ka holoholona ke kau pololei i ka pae honua, kahi kūpono loa no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ke ʻano o ka honi i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia i mea nui i ke koho ʻana o ka meaʻai i ka pō.
Hoʻomaopopo e ʻike ʻia nā lunamaka o nā ʻōpū me ka lohi, akā i ka manawa like me nā hana metabolic maikaʻi loa.... Pono kahi mammal ma kahi o ʻelua pule e ʻānai pono i nā meaʻai āpau i ʻai ʻia. Eia hou, ʻo ia nā ʻōpū i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kūʻai waiwai wai o nā mea hānai a pau e noho ana ma ka honua (ʻoiai, ma hope o ke kāmelo). Pono kahi holoholona makua ma kahi o 20-22 ml o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā no kēlā me kēia kilokilo o ke kaumaha o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī e hoʻolōʻihi i nā ʻōpū.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o nā ʻāpana ʻelua o ke kauoha ʻElua mau ʻoki marsupial, ʻoiai ʻili hiki ʻole i ka ʻili ʻili o kahi mākua makua ke hōʻeha a nahu paha. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, pale ʻia nā pale ma hope o nā ʻōpū e nā pale umauma kūpilikiʻi, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā mea kaua o ka armadillo. Eia nō naʻe, inā pale aku nā ʻōpū i ko lākou ʻāina mai nā ʻenemi mai, a laila hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea hakakā.
I nā hōʻailona mua o kahi pilikia e hiki mai ana, nānā pono ka holoholona i kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi loa, hoʻomaka e hoʻoluliluli i kona poʻo nui a hana i nā leo leʻaleʻa e like me ka mooing. ʻO kēlā ʻano makaʻu ʻole a hoʻoholo paʻa loa o kahi ʻōpū e hoʻoweliweli pinepine i nā mea hoʻouka. Inā ʻole, hoʻouka ka ʻōpū, e hakakā maikaʻi me ke kōkua o ke poʻo.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻohe o ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ka hanauna o nā keiki o kēlā me kēia ʻōpili i nā ʻāpana o ke kau a i ʻole ke ʻano o ke aniau, no laila, hiki ke hana i ka hanau hou ʻana o kahi mammal laha ʻole i loko o ka makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, i nā wahi maloʻo loa, e like me ka ʻike a nā ʻepekema, aia paha he koho manawa hoʻoulu holoholona. Pili nā Wombats i ka mahele o nā holoholona marsupial, akā aia nā ʻeke i nā wahine ma ke ʻano kūikawā a huli hoʻi i hope, kahi e maʻalahi ai e ʻeli i ka honua no nā lua a pale i ka lepo mai ka hele ʻana i ka pēpē.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka ʻōpū wahine ma kahi o ʻekolu mau pule, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o hoʻokahi cub. ʻOiai ke kū mai o kahi mau nipples i kēlā me kēia wahine, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi mammal ke hānai a hānai i ʻelua pēpē.
No ʻewalu mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, e noho ka pēpē hānau hou me ka makuahine i loko o ka ʻeke, kahi e hoʻopuni ʻia ai e ka mālama a me ka nānā ʻana i ka uaki. Haʻalele ka ʻōpū nui i ka ʻeke a ka makuahine, akā ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, a hiki i ka wā ʻōpio, noho ʻo ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o kona makua.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO nā ʻōpū ʻāʻī lauoho lōʻihi i lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make loa... Ma hope o ka noho ʻana o ʻAukekulelia e ka poʻe ʻEulopa, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka laulā kūpuna o nā ʻōpū, ma muli o ka luku ʻia o ko lākou wahi noho, hoʻokūkū me nā mea i lawe ʻia mai a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻōpū. No ka mālama ʻana i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o kēia holoholona ʻaneʻane pau, ua hoʻonohonoho nā loea i kekahi mau mālama mālama waena.
