I loko o ka ʻohana nui āpau o nā squirrels, malia paha ʻo ia nā chipmunks i ʻoi aku ka nani a me ka maikaʻi. ʻOiai ka pilina pili loa me ka marmot a me ka squirrel honua, ʻoi aku ka nānā aku o ka chipmunk i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Ka wehewehe o ka chipmunk
ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema o ka genus Tamias e hoʻi i ke aʻa Helene τᾰμίᾱς, ka mea e pili ana i ka ʻike / frugality a unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "kahu hale". Hoʻopili ka palapala Lūkini i ka mana Tatar "boryndyk", a e like me ka mana ʻelua, i ka mana Mari "uromdok".
Helehelena
ʻO kahi chipmunk e like me ka squirrel i kona kala huluhulu maʻamau (ʻulaʻula-hina hina a me ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo), kahi huelo lōʻihi (ʻoi aku ka fluffy ma mua o kahi squirrel) a me ke ʻano o ke kino. ʻOiai nā kapuwaʻi i waiho ʻia e ka chipmunk i ka hau e ʻokoʻa i ka squirrel wale nō i ka nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Ke ulu nei kahi koʻokoʻo makua i 13-17 cm a kaupaona ma kahi o 100-125 gram. ʻO ka huelo (mai 9 a 13 cm) me kahi "comb" iki ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka hapalua o ke kino.
ʻO ka chipmunk, e like me nā rodents, he mau ʻāpana papalina nui kona e lilo i mea ʻike ʻia ke hoʻopili ʻo ia i ka meaʻai i loko o lākou.... Pāleʻa nā pepeiao poepoe kūpono i ke poʻo. Ke nānā pono nei nā maka aniani alona.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā ʻano chipmunks (i kēia manawa 25 i wehewehe ʻia) ʻano like loa i ka helehelena a me nā ʻano, akā ʻokoʻa iki i ka nui a me nā nuances kala.
ʻOi aku nā lālā o hope ma mua o nā forelimbs; ulu ka lauoho lahilahi ma nā kapuwaʻi. Pōkole ke kapa, me ka awn nāwaliwali. ʻOkoʻa ka pale hoʻoilo mai ke kapakomo kauwela ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wale nō o ke ʻano pouli. ʻO ke kala kuʻuna ku kua i hina hina a i ʻole ʻulaʻula. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 5 mau ʻeleʻele e holo ana ma ka pali kokoke i ka huelo. Hānau ʻia ke kanaka keʻokeʻo i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole naʻe nā albinos.
ʻO Chipmunk nohona ola
He kanaka inveterate individualist kēia, e ʻae ana i kahi hoa e hoʻokokoke iā ia wale nō i ke kau rutting. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe, ola wale ka chipmunk a hānai hoʻokahi, e ʻimi ana i kāna pā (1-3 hectares) i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Manaʻo ʻia ia he holoholona noho, ʻaʻole neʻe iki i 0.1-0.2 km mai kahi noho. Akā hele kekahi o nā holoholona i nā huakaʻi ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, hiki i 1.5 km i ka wā o ka moena a me 1-2.5 km ke mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Piʻi maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau a lele mai kēlā me kēia i kahi mamao aku a 6 m, lele lele i lalo mai nā pika he 10 mika. Inā pono, holo ka holoholona ma mua o 12 km i kēlā me kēia hola. Noho pinepine ia i nā lua, akā kūkulu i nā pūnana i nā lua ma waena o nā pōhaku, a me nā lua haʻahaʻa hoʻi a me nā ʻōpala popopo. ʻO ka lua lua kauwela kahi lumi ma ka hohonu o ka hapalua mika (i kekahi manawa a i ka 0.7 m), kahi e alakaʻi ai kahi papa i hoʻohuli ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! I kahi hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, pālua ka helu o nā keʻena spherical: hāʻawi ʻia ka mea haʻahaʻa (i ka hohonu o 0.7-1.3 m) i ka storeroom, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe (ma kahi hohonu o 0.5-0.9 m) i hoʻololi ʻia i ka lumi moe hoʻoilo a me ka hale hānau.
Ma ke anuanu, piʻo ka chipmunk i pōpō a hele i ka hibernation, ala ala e māʻona i ka pōloli a hiamoe hou. Hoʻopili ʻia ke ala i waho o ka hibernation i ka wā. Ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ala aʻe nā koʻokoʻo, nona nā lua i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o nā pali kūaliʻi, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pale iā lākou mai ka hoʻi ʻana i lalo o ka ʻāina inā kū ke anu anuanu. Ke kali nei lākou i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lā mahana, hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā koena o ka lako.
He puʻuhonua hoʻi ka lua i ka wā ua, akā i ka lā kauwela maopopo, haʻalele ka chipmunk i kona home, ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka lā, i ʻole e maʻule i ka wela.... Ma hope o ka siesta i ka lua, hele hou nā holoholona i luna a nānā i ka meaʻai ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. I ke awakea, ʻo kēlā mau chipmunks wale nō i noho i nā ulu lāʻau malumalu e hūnā ʻole i lalo o ka honua.
Wā ola
Noho ʻo Chipmunk i loko o ke pio ʻana i ʻelua mau manawa i ka hihiu - ma kahi o 8.5 mau makahiki. Kāhea kekahi mau kumuwaiwai be pili anaʻo ka helu nui he 10 mau makahiki. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā holoholona ma kahi o 3-4 mau makahiki.
Ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lako meaʻai
Mālama pono ʻia nā Chipmunks i nā mea e pono ai e kakali ai i kahi hiamoe lōʻihi o ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu me nā makana o ka nahele a komo i nā mea kanu mahiʻai. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka rodent ma ke ʻano he pest mahiʻai weliweli, keu hoʻi ma kēlā mau wahi kahi e hoʻopili ai nā māla i nā ululāʻau: ma aneʻi e ʻohi nā chipmunks i ka hua hope
I loko o nā makahiki, ua hoʻomohala ka holoholona i kāna iho hana ʻohiʻohi, e like me kēia:
- Inā ʻaʻole mānoanoa ka berena, ʻike ka chipmunk i kahi koʻokoʻo ikaika a, lālau iā ia, lele i luna.
- Kūlou ke koʻokoʻo, a kolo ke koʻokoʻo me ia, lālau iā ia me kona mau wāwae a hiki i ka pepeiao.
- E nahu i ka pepeiao a koho koke i nā hua mai ia mea, e waiho ana iā lākou i nā ʻeke papalina.
- I nā mea kanu nunui (kahi hiki ʻole ke hili i ka mauʻu), nahu ka chipmunk i nā ʻāpana o lalo mai a hiki i ka pepeiao.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā mea āpau e ulu i ka nahele a me nā mea aihue a nā koʻokoʻo mai nā wahi i mahi ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana chipmunk: nā ʻalalā, nā nati, nā ʻākala, nā ʻāhiu, nā ʻanoʻano ʻāhiu, nā sunflower, nā hua, nā palaoa, nā palaoa, nā ʻoka, nā olonā a me nā mea hou aʻe.
ʻAʻole hōʻike iki ʻia ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā huahana i hoʻokahi puka, akā mahalo mau kā lākou koho ʻana. Ma ke ʻano he ʻona nona ka hana, hoʻokaʻawale ka chipmunk i ke ʻano, hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou me kekahi mauʻu me nā mauʻu maloʻo a me nā lau. ʻO ka nui o nā hoʻomākaukau ʻai o ka hoʻoilo no hoʻokahi rodent he 5-6 kg.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻano 25 o ka genus Tamias e noho nei ma ʻAkau ʻAkau, a hoʻokahi wale nō ʻo Tamias sibiricus (ʻĀsia, aka Siberian chipmunk) i loaʻa ma Rūsia, ʻoi aku ka pololei, ma ka ʻākau o kāna ʻāpana ʻEulopa, nā Ural, Siberia a me ka Hikina hikina. Eia hou, ua ʻike ʻia ka chipmunk Siberian ma ka mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido, ma Kina, ma ka Peninsula o Korea, a ma nā moku ʻākau hoʻi o ʻEulopa.
ʻEkolu mau subgenus o chipmunks i hoʻonohonoho ʻia:
- Siberian / ʻAsia - pili wale ia i nā ʻano wale nō ʻo Tamias sibiricus;
- ʻAmelika Hikina - ʻo kekahi o nā ʻano, ʻo Tamias striatus;
- Neotamias - he 23 mau laha e noho ana ma ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO Rodents, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā subgenus ʻelua i hala, ua mākaukau ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀkau āpau mai waena o Mexico a hiki i ka Arctic Circle. ʻO ka chipmunk ʻAmelika Hikina, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, noho i ka hikina o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. ʻO nā rodents feral i hiki ke pakele mai nā mahiʻai huluhulu i loaʻa i nā aʻa i nā wahi he nui o waena o ʻEulopa.
Mea nui! Ua hoʻololi ka chipmunk hikina e noho i waena o nā mea kau pōhaku a me nā pōhaku, makemake nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā ululāʻau (coniferous, kāwili ʻia a deciduous).
Hōʻalo nā holoholona i nā wai pulu a me nā ākea a me nā ululāʻau kiʻekiʻe kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai kahi ulu ʻōpio a i ʻole nā nāhelehele... Maikaʻi inā he mau kumulāʻau kahiko i loko o ka ululāʻau, kalaunu ʻia me ka lei aliʻi ikaika, akā ʻaʻole naʻe nā mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe o willow, cherry manu a i ʻole birch e hana ai. Hiki ke loaʻa ʻia ʻo Chipmunks i nā ʻāpana littered o ka nahele, kahi e loaʻa ai ka makani / make lāʻau, ma nā awāwa kahawai, ma nā lihi ulu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau ulu he nui.
ʻAiʻai Chipmunk
ʻO ka papa ʻaina rodent ka mea e hoʻomohala ʻia e ka meaʻai mea kanu, hoʻonui ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa me ka protein holoholona.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kokoke o ka hānai chipmunk:
- nā hua lāʻau / wana a me nā wana ʻōpio;
- nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu mahiʻai a i kekahi manawa i kā lākou mau lālā;
- nā hua a me nā lau;
- nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu a me nā laʻalāʻau;
- nā ʻākela a me nā nati;
- nā mea kolo;
- nā ilo a me nā mollusc;
- hua manu.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka chipmunks prowl ma kahi kokoke e haʻi ʻia e nā ʻano koena o ka meaʻai - nā cone conesers a me nā hua hazel / cedar.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka ʻoiai ʻo ka chipmunk nāna e ʻahaʻaina ma aneʻi, ʻaʻole ʻo ka squirrel, e hōʻike ʻia e nā meheu liʻiliʻi, a me nā ʻōpala i waiho ʻia e ia - elongated rounded "grains" e waiho ana i nā puʻu, e like me ka barberry.
ʻAʻole kau palena ʻia nā mea ʻai a ka rodent i nā mea ulu wale. I hoʻokahi manawa ma nā māla a me nā māla, hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i kāna pāʻina me nā moʻomeheu e like me:
- hua palaoa;
- kulina;
- buckwheat;
- ka pī a me ke olonā;
- nā apricots a me nā plum;
- sunflower;
- kukama.
Inā liʻiliʻi ka lako o ka meaʻai, hele nā chipmunks e ʻimi i ka meaʻai i nā mahinaʻai e pili kokoke ana a me nā māla mea kanu. Ma ka luku ʻana i nā mea kanu palaoa, hoʻopōʻino lākou i nā mahiʻai. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ka neʻe pinepine ʻana o nā neʻe lehulehu e ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi ʻole o kēia ʻano hānai, e like me nā ʻano lāʻau kedera.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a me nā mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai ka chipmunk. Hoʻopili ka mea mua i nā ʻelele āpau o ka ʻohana weasel (e noho kokoke ana i nā rodents), a ʻo:
- ʻalopeke
- ʻīlio hae;
- ʻīlio lākihi;
- manu ʻaihue;
- ʻīlio kūloko / pōpoki;
- nahesa.
Eia hou, ʻo ka bea a me ka sable, e ʻimi nei i nā lako chipmunk, ʻai wale lākou, akā i ka rodent iho (inā ʻaʻohe ona manawa e peʻe ai). Ke haki nei mai ka mea alualu, lele kahi chipmunk makaʻu i kahi kumulāʻau a hūnā paha i kahi lāʻau make. ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻai a Chipmunk (e pili ana i ka unuhi ʻana i nā nati, ʻākala a me nā ʻanoʻano):
- murine koʻokoʻo;
- sable;
- Pea Himalayan / ʻeleʻele;
- squirrel;
- nā ʻūlū lepo huelo lōʻihi;
- jay;
- ululāʻau kolo nui i ʻike ʻia;
- nutcracker.
ʻAʻohe o ka ʻohana nui o nā squirrels i mākaukau i ke ʻano o ke kani ʻana o ke kani e like me ka chipmunk.
Hoihoi ia! Ke hele a weliweli, hoʻopuka mau ʻo ia i kahi whose monosyllabic a i ʻole kahi trill ʻoi. Hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā kani ʻelua paʻakikī hou aʻe, no ka laʻana, "brown-brown" a i ʻole "hook-hook".
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka o ke kau male i ka hopena o ka hibernation a hāʻule, ma ke ʻano he rula, i loko o ʻApelila - Mei. Hoʻomaka ʻo Rut i 2-4 mau lā ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā wahine mai ka hibernation a lohi paha inā ʻaʻole mahana ka papahele a pā ka makani anuanu.
ʻO nā wahine, mākaukau no ka male ʻana, hoʻokomo pū i kā lākou kāhea ʻana i nā ʻōkuhi "gurgling", kahi e loaʻa ai iā lākou nā mea makemake. Ke alualu nei kekahi mau mea noi i hoʻokahi wahine mare, e lanakila ana ma 200-300 m, lawe ʻia e ka leo kono. I ka paio no ka puʻuwai o ka wahine, holo lākou ma hope o kekahi, e hakakā ana i nā puʻupuʻu pōkole.
Hānau ka wahine i nā keiki no nā lā he 30-32, e hānau ana he 4-10 mau keiki ʻōlohelohe a makapō me ke kaupaona ʻana 4 g pākahi... Ulu wikiwiki ka lauoho, a ma hope o ʻelua mau pule, lilo nā chipmunks liʻiliʻi i kope o ko lākou mau mākua kaha onionio. Ma hope o kekahi pule (i ka lā iwakālua), hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻana o nā pēpē, a i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, e haki ana mai ka umauma o ka makuahine, hoʻomaka lākou e kolo mai ka lua. Hoʻomaka kahi ola kūʻokoʻa i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina, akā kū ka ʻōpio ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻIke ʻia ua komo ʻo Tamias sibiricus i loko o ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation a aia ʻo ia ma lalo o ka pale o ka mokuʻāina. Aia he ʻikepili liʻiliʻi ma ke koena o ka laha, akā aia kekahi mau haʻawina e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka heluna kanaka, e hoʻopili ʻia me ka ikaika o ka hana hou.
Mea nui! Hoʻoholo mau ʻia ka helu a me ka awelika makahiki o nā holoholona e ka hualoaʻa o ka ʻai nui: ʻo kahi laʻana, i nā makahiki he nui ka heluna kanaka (i ka hāʻule) he hapalua o nā waihona ʻōpio, i nā makahiki wīwī - e emi ana ka mahele o nā holoholona ʻōpio i 5.8%.
ʻO kahi laʻana, i nā ululāʻau o ke Komohana Sayan, ʻo ka nui o nā chipmunks (20 per sq. Km) i kaulana i nā ulu lāʻau kedera kiʻekiʻe. Ma Altai Hikina ʻĀkau, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka helu kiʻekiʻe o nā holoholona i ka taiga cedar-fir - 47 mau holoholona ma ka sq. km i ka puka o nā holoholona ʻōpio mai nā lua a 225 no ka sq. km me ke ʻano o nā holoholona ʻōpio. I nā ʻano ulu lāʻau ʻē aʻe (kāwili ʻia a deciduous) ʻike ʻia nā chipmunks ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi: mai 2 a 27 (me kahi heluna makua), mai 9 a 71 (me ka hoʻohui o nā holoholona ʻōpio). Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā chipmunks i nā ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi: 1-3 i ka sq. km i Iune, 2-4 ma ka sq. km ma ka hopena o Mei - ʻAukake.
Ka mālama ʻana i kahi chipmunk ma ka home
He maʻalahi ia e hoʻomaka ia i kahi keʻena no nā kumu he nui:
- hiamoe ka chipmunk i ka pō a ala i ke ao;
- ʻai i nā mea ulu a pau;
- ka maʻemaʻe (pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pā i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule);
- ʻaʻohe ona ʻaʻala maikaʻi ʻole "iole".
ʻO ka mea wale nō e pono ke nānā aku i ke koho ʻana o kahi hīnaʻi ākea, nā aniani kūpono loa (no kahi ʻelua) penei: 1 m ka lōʻihi, 0.6 m ka laulā a me 1.6 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Inā hoʻokahi wale nō holoholona, ʻoi aku ke akahai o nā palena o ka hīnaʻi - 100 * 60 * 80 cm. Holo nui nā Chipmunks a makemake e piʻi i luna, no laila hoʻokomo lākou i nā lālā i loko. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kūʻai i kahi pā me nā koʻokoʻo nickel-plated (i nā manawa i hala ʻole ma mua o 1.5 cm).
Mea nui! Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hale hiamoe (15 * 15 * 15) i loko o ka pā i ka wā i noho hope ai nā chipmunks i kou hale a makaʻu ʻole i ka poʻe.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā he retractable ka papahele i loko o ka pā. E hana ka peat a i ʻole ka peahi i kahi moe moe. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pā i kahi mea hānai, mea inu a me kahi huila holo (mai 18 cm ke anawaena). Hoʻokuʻu pinepine ʻia ʻo Rodents no nā hele wāwae i mea e hōʻalo ai i ke ʻano o nā neʻe (mai ka papahele a ka paia, mai laila a i ke kaupaku a i lalo). I ka wā o ka huakaʻi a puni ka lumi, nānā ʻia ka chipmunk iʻole e nau i kekahi mea ʻino. Hūnā nā kaula.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pā i kahi kihi malu, ʻoiai e make nā holoholona i ka wela... Koho ʻia he ʻelua mau wahine a ʻokoʻa paha nā kāne ʻokoʻa (no ka hānau ʻana) i ka pālua, akā ʻaʻole ʻelua mau kāne, inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hakakā. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā huaʻai a holoi holoi ʻia i nā greens e hemo ai nā pesticides. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻūhini, nā ʻalekeke, nā slug a me nā ʻenuhe i ʻelua mau manawa i ka pule. Aloha pū ʻo Chipmunks i nā hua, moa moa i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, me ka tī liʻiliʻi momona a me ka yogurt me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohui
