ʻO kahi mea aloha, e hoʻolohe nei i ka huaʻōlelo "ʻīlio prairie", e manaʻo mākou e kamaʻilio ana mākou e pili ana i kahi ʻano ʻīlio ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau koʻokoʻo kēia, pili i nā ʻīlio e kahi kani e like me ka hae ʻana ke makaʻu.
Ka wehewehe o nā ʻīlio prairie
ʻO ka ʻīlio ʻīlio - kekahi mea e like me kēia (e noʻonoʻo ana i nā aʻa Helene kahiko) unuhi i ka inoa ʻepekema o nā ʻano Cynomys... Aia ʻo Rodents i loko o ka ʻohana o nā squirrels, akā like ko lākou ʻano me nā marmots, ma waho a ma ke ʻano o ka paʻa ʻana i ke kolamu ma ko lākou mau wāwae hope.
Helehelena
Piʻi kahi ʻīlio makua makua i 30-38 mau kenimika a kaupaona ʻo 1-1.5 kg (i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi), a ʻoi aku ka nui a me ke kaumaha o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka holoholona, he ʻano like loa me ka marmot i nā kahakaha o ke kino ʻeleʻele a me nā camouflage (e kūlike i ke kala o ka ʻāina) kala: he ʻeleʻele melemele a melemele melemele hou paha me ka malu o ka ʻōpū. ʻOi aku ka pouli o ka hulu ma ke poʻo poepoe ma mua o ke kuamoʻo o ke kino, a ʻike ʻia nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka waha, ʻoi aku ka nani o ka auwae a me ka ihu.
He mau niho pāpālina nui ko ka rodent a he ʻikiʻoki liʻiliʻi hoʻi o luna: inā pono, hoʻomoe ʻia ka meaʻai i nā ʻeke papalina liʻiliʻi. Kūpono nā pepeiao o nā ʻīlio prairie a aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ke kapa. Nui loa nā maka, ʻeleʻele a ākea hoʻi, e ʻae ai i ka nānā piha ʻana i nā wahi. Pau nā lālā i ka hopu ʻana i nā manamana lima me nā māiʻuʻu lōʻihi, ʻoi a paʻakikī hoʻi. Ma nā wāwae mua, kuala ke kolu o ka manamana i mua. Ulu ka huluhulu ma nā kapuwaʻi o nā wāwae. ʻO pubescent ka huelo, akā ʻaʻole lōʻihi (ma kahi o 4-11 cm), kokoke i ke kala i ke kala o ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
Auila
Hana nui nā ʻīlio Prairie i ke ao - i ke ao e ʻai lākou, komo i ka hoʻomaikaʻi hale, a kamaʻilio pū me nā ʻohana. E like me nā marmots a me nā gophers, makemake lākou e kū i luna i ko lākou mau wāwae hope i mea e nānā ai i nā wahi.
ʻOihana nohona
ʻO nā kolone o kēia mau koʻokoʻo he mau tausani mau poʻo me ka awelika o ka nui ma mua o ʻekolu mau kānaka ma ka hectare, a me ka nui o nā kiʻiona ma mua o ʻewalu. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kolone i nā hui ʻohana, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā kāne ʻelua, ʻekolu a ʻelima mau wahine, a me kā lākou ʻōpio (6 a 30). Noho aliʻi ka maluhia a me ke kūlike i loko o ka ʻohana - ke hui lāua, honi nā holoholona kekahi i kekahi, a i ka wā e ʻike ai, lawe pinepine lākou i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻelua o ka hulu.
Hoihoi ia! Mahalo kēlā me kēia ʻohana ʻohana i ka inviolability o kā lākou waiwai a, ke kū mai kahi malihini, hoʻonohonoho i kahi hakakā palena. Loaʻa ka mea lanakila i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa internecine i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻonui i kāna pūnaewele (ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka mika).
Aia kekahi kiaʻi kokoke i ka lua, nāna e koi e haʻi aku i nā ʻohana i ka pilikia i ka manawa. ʻO kēia paha he ʻaʻanā a he kani like paha me ka ʻili. Ke hilinaʻi nei i ke ʻano o ka hōʻailona kani, ke hoʻomākaukau nei nā ʻīlio prairie e pale aku i ka hoʻouka kaua a ka ʻenemi, a i ʻole ke poʻo poʻo e holo i loko o kā lākou lua lua. ʻO ka hū ka hapanui o nā rodents i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka mua o ʻAukake, e ala wale ana ma Pepeluali - Malaki.
Nā kamaʻilio paʻa honua
Hoʻonohonoho paʻa ʻia nā lua o nā ʻīlio prairie a hohonu loa - iho pinepine lākou i 3-5 m... ʻO kēlā me kēia lua (ma kahi o 15 cm ke anawaena) nā lālā i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana o nā tunnels ʻanoʻano me nā pali kūpikipiki a me ka hoʻopili lohi. Kūpono loa nā kamaʻilio paʻa honua o Rodent i pale pale ʻia lākou mai ke kahe hikiwawe ʻana i ka wā ua a hāʻule.
Ma kahi pūnaewele hectare 1, aia a i ka 54 lua lua e hiki ai i nā ʻīlio prairie. Wahi a nā zoologists, ʻo ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi lua me kāna mau tunnels āpau ma luna o 300 mau mika, ʻoiai ka ʻāina o kahi ʻohana, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i kekahi mau mika kūlike.
Mea nui! He mau kumu ʻokoʻa ko nā lumi o ka honua - ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi no nā keʻena mālama, lawelawe nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he keʻena hānau, a ʻo kekahi poʻe ma ke ʻano he bunkers ke hoʻopakele lākou mai kahi kahawai a i ʻole nā mea ʻaihue.
Ua ʻeli ʻia kahi lua ʻokoʻa mai ka hale nui no ka haʻalele ʻana o nā pono kūlohelohe: hoʻohana ʻia ia a hiki i ka wā e piha ana me nā feces. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lua, kanu lākou iā ia a loaʻa kahi hou nona.
Wā ola
Manaʻo ʻia e noho pio nā ʻīlio prairie no kahi manawa lōʻihi loa - ma ka liʻiliʻi he 11 mau makahiki me ka mālama maikaʻi. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke ola o kahi holoholona: ola ka wahine a 8 mau makahiki, ʻo ke kāne a ʻelima wale nō.
ʻ doglio ʻīlio Prairie
ʻOiai ʻo ka paʻakikī o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, he mea maʻamau ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ʻelima mau ʻano ʻīlio prairie:
- Cynomys gunnisoni - ʻīlio prairie o Gunnison
- ʻO Cynomys ludovicianus - ʻīlio prairie ʻeleʻele
- Leucurus ʻo Cynomys - ʻīlio prairie keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
- Cynomys parvidens - ʻīlio ʻo Yuta prairie;
- ʻO Cynomys mexicanus kahi ʻīlio prairie Mekiko.
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano rodent i ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā makaʻala kani a i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona morphological, e laʻa me ka nui a me ke kinona o nā molara. ʻO ka wēlau o ka huelo o nā ʻīlio prairie ʻo Mekiko a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, ʻeleʻele ia, akā i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he keʻokeʻo ia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole moe nā koʻokoʻo āpau i ka hoʻoilo: ʻo ka ʻīlio prairie huelo ʻeleʻele, e hele mālie ana i ka uhi o ka hau, hōʻike i ka ikaika o ka makahiki. Akā ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hele ka ʻīlio keʻokeʻo huelo keʻokeʻo i nā lima o Morpheus no ʻeono mau mahina.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā ʻīlio Prairie he ʻelele ʻōiwi o ka holoholona o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻoi aku ka pololei, kāna mau prairies pau ʻole... Hoʻomaka ka pae o nā rodents mai nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka panalāʻau Kanada o Saskatchewan a hoʻopaʻa i kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻo US - North and South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Wyoming, Utah, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Montana, New Mexico, Colorado a me Arizona.
Loaʻa nā ʻīlio Prairie i nā wahi he nui o ka ʻākau / waena o Mexico. Hoʻonohonoho nā rodents i nā hale i nā ʻāpana steppe a me nā semi-wao nahele, kahi liʻiliʻi loa nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu i ke kiʻekiʻe - ʻike ʻia nā holoholona i nā wahi mauna (ma luna o 3 km ma luna o ka ʻilikai).
ʻAi ʻīlio Prairie
ʻO ka ʻai a ka ʻaole ka mea kanu nui, akā i kekahi manawa hoʻomālama lākou iā lākou iho me ka protein holoholona, e ʻai ana i nā ʻelele steppe. Ke hele nei i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, mālama kokoke lākou i nā lua. E haʻi aku ka lepo ʻōhule iā ʻoe ua noho nā ʻīlio prairie ma ka pā: ʻo ka ʻiʻo a lahilahi i ka mauʻu e ulu ana ma luna o laila ʻaʻole ia e ālai i ka ʻike.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻImi ʻia nā ʻīlio Prairie e nā mea nui, e like me:
- ferret wawae ʻeleʻele;
- pahi kaua;
- coyote;
- hawk;
- Falcon Mekiko;
- pueo ana.
Pēlā nō hoʻi, hoʻopau mau nā koʻokoʻo gape i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā nāhelehe.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻīlio prairie. No laila, ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kau moʻo no lākou e hele mai hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki a hoʻopau (me ka momona momona) me kahi ʻōpala hoʻokahi. Hānau ka wahine i mau keiki ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina (mai 28 a 32 mau lā), hānau i ka puna (i Malaki, ʻApelila a Mei paha) 2-10 mau pēpē makapō. Hoʻomaka lākou e ʻike maopopo ma kahi o 33-37 mau lā, a i ka hiki ʻana i ka makahiki o 7 mau pule ua kūʻokoʻa lākou a hoʻomaka e kolo i waho o ka lua.
Mea nui! Ua hōʻea ʻo Juveniles i ka momona i ka hopena, ʻaʻole ma mua o 3 mau makahiki. Ua ʻike ka poʻe kūlohelohe he pinepine ka hanauna kahiko o nā koʻokoʻo i haʻalele i kā lākou mau lua noho, waiho i ka "ʻōpio" ma laila.
Hoʻāʻo nā kāne a me nā wahine makua e hoʻonui i ka nohona ma ka lilo o nā hoalauna, komo i ko lākou palena, a i ʻole e hele e ʻimi i nā ʻāpana manuahi. Maanei lākou e noho ai, ʻeli i kā lākou mau lua ponoʻī a hana pū i ka ʻohana ʻohana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, no ka manawa lōʻihi loa ua nui aku nā ʻīlio prairie ma ka honua ma mua o ka poʻe, akā ua kūleʻa nui ka hope i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā koʻokoʻo. Ua hoʻopau kolohe ʻole ʻia lākou e nā mahiʻai ʻAmelika ʻAkau, ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo e ʻai nā rodents i nā mea kanu i manaʻo ʻia no nā holoholona. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā helu pīhoihoi e hiki mai ana: i ka makahiki 1905, ua helu ʻia ka heluna ʻīlio prairie ma Texas ma kahi o 800 miliona mau holoholona, akā i ka hopena o ke kenekulia, ua heleleʻi ko lākou helu i 2.2 miliona.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana o nā pā, a ʻo ka mea nui, kā lākou mahi palau. ʻAʻole hiki i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ʻīlio prairie akā hoʻopili i ka helu o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma nā pā. Ua nalowale nā Predators i kā lākou kahua papaʻai maʻamau (nā rodents he nui), a me nā herbivores - nā hale hoʻomehana akamai i hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻīlio prairie iā lākou me ka uku ʻole.
Mālama ʻīlio Prairie
Maikaʻi ke koʻokoʻo i ka hoʻopaʻa pio a maʻa i nā kānaka. ʻAʻole ʻimi ka ʻīlio prairie i ka hana e pakele ai ke pio a aloha i kona hale hana.
Noho
Pono ka ipu kahi e noho ai ka holoholona i ākea i hiki ai iā ia ke ʻeli i kahi lua hōʻoluʻolu ma laila... No kēia mau kumu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili i kahi aquarium nui a i ʻole kahi pā i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka lepo a me ke one. Eia hou, pono ʻoe i nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā lālā a me nā mea pāʻani e hoʻāʻo maoli ai kāu pipi. Kūʻai i nā mea hana lāʻau inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e makemake i ka lāʻau koʻokoʻo e lilo i mea make ma ka palakiko.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono e waiho i kahi pola inu me ka wai hou a me kahi mea hānai keramika kaumaha i loko o ka pā i paʻa mau ia. Akā ʻo nā kūlana nohona maikaʻi ʻaʻole e hōʻoia mau i ke ola lōʻihi o kāu hoaaloha hou.
Mea nui! He thermophilic nui loa nā ʻīlio prairie āpau, a, me ka ʻole o ka hiamoe (e like me ka ʻīlio huelo ʻeleʻele), hiki nō iā lākou ke kīpaku a kipaku paha no ka manawa lōʻihi inā e iho ka mahana o ka ea i loko o ka aquarium i +12 degere Celsius
Ma kahi mahana haʻahaʻa, ʻike ke kino o ke koʻokoʻo i ka hypothermia, kahi e alakaʻi mau ai i nā anu. Inā ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole lawa ka mahana o ka holoholona, e hoʻohana i ka pale hoʻomehana ma ke kau ʻana i ka piʻipiʻi ma luna ona.
Hanai pēpē
Hāʻawi pinepine nā mea kālepa pono ʻole i nā pēpē i aʻo ʻole i ka hānai iā lākou iho. ʻO ia mau holoholona he maʻa lahilahi loa ko ka "momona pēpē": ʻaʻohe o lākou manawa e loaʻa ai, no ka mea ua ukuhi ʻia lākou i ka wā mua mai ka poli o ka makuahine. Pono kēia mau hoa ʻilihuna i kahi pale pumehana, e waiho wale iā ia i hoʻokahi mahele o ka aquarium (e waiho ana ma lalo o ka lalo) i hiki i ka ʻohana hoʻomehana ke neʻe i kahi kihi ʻoluʻolu.
No ka hānai ʻana i kāu mau pēpē, pono ʻoe i kahi syringe a me kahi Pedialyte (solution electrolyte no nā keiki me ka maʻi palahī) i kūʻai ʻia mai ka lāʻau kūʻai. A laila e hele e like me kēia:
- Hoʻohui i ka waiū piha mehana a me pedialyte (i nā kaulike like). ʻOi aku ke kūʻai aku i ka waiū pēpē kūikawā.
- E hānai i kāu pēpē he 150-200 g ke kaupaona, e hoʻokomo lohi nei i ka haʻilula i kona waha.
- Hana ʻia ka hānai i kēlā me kēia 2-4 mau hola, e nānā ana i ke ʻano o ka holoholona.
- Pono pono e hōʻoia i ka lilo ʻole o ke kino i ka wai.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomehana i ka pēpē me ka wela o kou kino, no ka laʻana, i ka poli, e ʻae ana iā ia i kēlā me kēia manawa e hanu i ka ea i ʻole e hemo ka rodent.
Nā meaʻai no nā meheu makua
ʻAi ka ʻīlio prairie ma kahi o 1 kg mauʻu i kēlā me kēia pule i ke kauwela / kauwela... ʻO ka mauʻu, ma ke ʻano he hānai kūpono, pono e lawe ma ka liʻiliʻi o 3/4 o ka ration o kēlā me kēia lā. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻokomo i ka papa kuhikuhi o nā ʻīlio prairie:
- mauʻu hou;
- nā nati;
- nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu;
- kulina.
I ke kauwela, me ka hapa o ka mauʻu, e hāʻule nā lau i hāʻule. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i nā greens a me nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ka mālama ʻana
Inā neʻe manuahi ke koʻokoʻo a puni ka keʻena, hoʻihoʻi ia i ka pā / aquarium ke haʻalele ʻoe i ka hale. No kahi lua, kahi pahu litter pōpoki i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kahi mamao mai kahi pāʻani a kūpono loa ka "lumiʻaina".
Hoihoi ia! Ke ulu nei, ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o nā rodent a emi iki i ka kolohe.
E nānā pono e uhi maka i nā uea, pani i nā kumu, mai haʻalele i nā lei Kalikimaka a me nā kemikū hale e loaʻa manuahi... Mai kiola i nā kākini a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe - e kiʻi maoli nā ʻīlio prairie iā lākou a hūnā iā lākou.
