He manu liʻiliʻi ʻo Mandarin (Aix galericulata) no ka genus o nā ʻālū nahele a me ka ʻohana duck. Ua pālahalaha nui ka pākana mandarin ma ka Hikina Hikina, akā ua ʻāpono maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano i Ireland, Kaleponi a me ʻIlani. ʻO nā inoa i hala ka manawa no ka pā mandarin ʻo "Duck Chinese" a i ʻole "Duck Duck".
Hōʻike o ka mandarin duck
ʻO ka peʻa Mandarin kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ke kaupaona o 0.4-0.7 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu o ka makua makua manduck duck ma kahi o 21.0-24.5 knm. ʻO ka hoihoi nui ka huehue nani a nani hoʻi o nā kāne, a me ke alo o kahi kiko kala maikaʻi ma ke poʻo.
Helehelena
He maikaʻi loa ia o ka mandarin duck - ʻo kēia ka peʻa nani a nani hoʻi o nā mea āpau i kēia lā. Kū ʻē aʻe kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Duck kūʻē i ke kāʻei kua o nā ʻāpala nahele maʻamau. Kūpono loa nā Drakes, me kahi plumage nani nani, kahi ʻokoʻa i nā kala kaohi a me nā maʻamau i ka nāhelehele. Loaʻa nā hulu o nā kāne i ka ʻaneʻane o nā kala a me nā aka o ke ānuenue, mahalo i lilo ai kēia manu i mea mahalo nui ʻia a hoʻolaha ʻia i Kina. ʻAʻole mālamalama nā wahine e like me nā drakes. He kūlohelohe loa lākou, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ma nā ʻano "uila", akahai a nani hoʻi. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia nā plumage inconspicuous e kahi manu makua no nā camouflage i ka wā hānau a me ka wā hānau.
I nā kāne, me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa āpau i ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka plumage, ʻaʻole hui pū nā kala a huikau iki, akā maopopo akāka, maopopo loa nā palena. Hōʻike ʻia ka mea hoʻohui i kēia nani e ka nuku ʻulaʻula a me nā lālā ʻalani. ʻO ke kua o ka wahine e kala ʻia i nā pale brownish like ʻole, ʻoiai ke poʻo hina kahi uahi, a hōʻike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa i nā leo keʻokeʻo. Aia kahi hoʻololi mālie, maikaʻi loa ma waena o nā kala a me nā aka. ʻO ka nuku o ka wahine makua he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoliva a ʻalani ka ʻula o nā wāwae. Ma ke poʻo o ke kāne a me ka wahine aia kekahi ʻano, nani loa.
Manaʻo ʻia he mahalo ia i ke kumu a me ka ʻōlinolino o ka plumage o ka pā mandarin i loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou inoa ʻano ʻē. Ma nā panalāʻau o Kina, Vietnam a me Kōlea, ua kapa ʻia nā luna hanohano o ke kūlana hanohano "Mandarins". ʻO nā lole o ua poʻe kamaʻāina waiwai lā e kū kū pono ana i ke ʻano o ka poʻe maʻamau, ʻokoʻa ʻole wale nō i ka hanohano kūikawā, akā i ka nani maoli nō hoʻi. Hoʻopuka ka lole o nā pēpē mandarin kāne i nā hui like. Wahi a kahi mana liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ka inoa "Duck Chinese", a i ʻole "Duck Duck", i loaʻa e nā manu ma muli o ka hoʻoulu ulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā loko emepera a me nā waihona wai o nā aliʻi Kina.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e molt mau ka drakes ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā hau hoʻoilo, no laila, i ke kau anuanu, nānā lākou i ka maʻamau a me ka nondescript, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka pana pinepine ʻana e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka lawena
ʻAʻole wale kahi hiʻohiʻona hopu a nani hoʻi o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o nā ʻālū nahele a me ka ʻohana duck. ʻO kēlā manu me kahi hiʻohiʻona kumu e hiki ke hana i nā kani leʻaleʻa a me nā leʻaleʻa. ʻO ka quacking nui a huki ʻia o nā ʻano pato ʻē aʻe i hoʻohālikelike me ka ʻū a me ka ʻoki a ka ʻumi mandarin. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻaʻole kū ka manu "kamaʻilio" i ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana i ka wā o ka hānau hou a mālama ʻana i nā keiki.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka "Duck Pākē" hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kahi lele i luna, a me ka hiki i ka manu ke hana i nā maneuvers paʻakikī. Neʻe kūʻokoʻa nā mākua o kēia ʻano mai kekahi lālā a i kekahi. ʻAʻau maikaʻi ka ʻie mandarin, noho kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka wai a ʻike ʻia ke hāpai nei i kāna huelo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole makemake nui kahi ʻāʻī e luʻu nui, no laila makemake ʻo ia e luʻu ma lalo o ka wai inā pono wale nō, e like me ka ʻeha ʻana a i ʻole ka weliweli i ke ola.
He manu hilahila a hilinaʻi ʻole ka pāluna mandarin, akā hiki i ka manawa ke hiki ke maʻa i ka poʻe a maʻalahi e launa me nā kānaka, e lilo ana i holoholona hulu manu hulu maoli.
ʻO ke ola a me ka ola lōʻihi
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, kau ka "Duck Chinese" i kahi kokoke i nā kahawai mauna e kahe ana ma kahi o nā wahi nahele nui. ʻO nā kūlana nohona kūpono no ka mandarin he mau lāʻau nunui me nā lālā he nui i kūlou ma luna o ka wai. ʻO nā ululāʻau mauna me ke kahe, lawa ka hohonu a me nā kahawai ākea kahi kūpono loa no ke ola o kēlā manu.
Hiki i ka pā mandarin ke ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa, akā noho pinepine ma nā pōhaku kokoke i ka wai a i ʻole nā lālā lāʻau. Kapu ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona no ka ʻumi mandarin ma ka pae kānāwai, a ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka manu i loko o ka Red Book o ko mākou ʻāina ma ke ʻano he ʻano laha ʻole. I kēia lā, hānai hānai ʻia nā manu puaʻa mandarin ma nā wahi paka e like me nā manu hoʻonaninani a me nā manuahi ʻole, nona ke ola ma kahi o ka hapahā o ke kenekulia.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻo ka awelika o ke ola o kahi ʻāpana mandarin ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumi mau makahiki, a ke mālama ʻia ma ka home, hiki i kēlā mau ʻelele o ka genus o nā ʻālū nahele a me ka ʻohana duck ke ola iki, no ka nele o nā mea ʻaihue a me ka pale manawa kūpono o kekahi mau maʻi.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho o nā mandarins
ʻO ka wahi hoʻokaʻawale kumu o ka pākī mandarin a me nā wahi o ka nohona lehulehu o ia ʻano lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o nā ʻāpala nahele aia i ka panalāʻau o East Asia. I ko mākou ʻāina, nā manu me ka pūnana pua nani loa i ka ʻāpana ʻo Sakhalin a me Amur, a ʻo nā wahi hoʻi o Khabarovsk a me Primorsky. Ua hoʻonohonoho kekahi o nā poʻe o kēia ʻano i ka pūnana ma Shikotan, kahi i ulu ai ka ulu ʻana o nā anthropogenic landscapes.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka pae, no ka mahele o nā manu maʻamau a me nā mea neʻe wale. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, haʻalele ka poʻe mākua a me nā ʻōpio i ka ʻāina o Rūsia i nā makahiki he 10 i hala ʻo Kepakemapa. Hele nā manu i ka hoʻoilo ma nā ʻāina mehana e like me Kina a me Iapana. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā noiʻi, ʻaʻole nui ka ʻāina o ka DPRK i ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala e nā ʻāpana manuahi mandarin hihiu, akā ʻo kekahi poʻe e pūnana maʻa mau i ka holo lōʻihi ʻana.
Meaʻai, he aha ka pālū mandarin e ʻai ai
Pili pono ka papaʻai maʻamau o ka pākī mandarin i kahi o ka wahi pūnana a ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Duck. ʻO nā hui like o nā ʻāpō e makemake e noho i nā wahi i pale nui ʻia me nā mea kanu a me nā wai nui, no laila nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu like ʻole, me nā ʻano wai, lilo pinepine i kumu no ka meaʻai.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka pālū mandarin ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka makemake nui o ia mau manu i nā acorn, kahi i loaʻa ka nui o nā mea pono like ʻole. Ma muli o ka wahi kokoke o ke kai wai, hiki i ka "Duck Chinese" ke hoʻololi i kāna mea ʻai waiwai ʻole me ka meaʻai protein, i hōʻike ʻia e nā mollusks, ka caviar o nā ʻano iʻa āpau a me nā ʻano o nā kahawai kūlike i ka nui. Me nā leʻaleʻa mandarin hauʻoli nui e ʻai i nā ʻano mea kanu wai a me ka ʻāina āpau, a me nā ilo hoʻi.
I ka hānai hānai ʻana, ʻo ka papaʻai o kahi ʻumeke mandarin makua e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e nā mea kanu e like me ka palaoa, ka bale, ka palaoa, ka laiki a me nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe, a me ka ʻiʻo iʻa ʻia a me nā iʻa.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ke kau moʻa no nā ʻāpana mandarin ma ke kau waena o ke kau, kokoke i ka hopena o Malaki a me ʻApelila. Hiki i nā kāne kāne kāne i kēia manawa ke hakakā ikaika i waena o lākou iho i mea e ʻumeʻume ai ka manaʻo o nā wahine. ʻO nā kāne āpau i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka moʻa e hoʻomau mau nei, e waiho nei i loko o ke ola o ka "Duck Chinese". Inā make kekahi o nā hoa ma ia ʻano paʻa paʻa, a laila ʻaʻole ʻimi hou kahi manu ʻē aʻe i pani nona. Ma hope o ke kaʻina moena, hoʻonohonoho ka ʻāpana mandarin wahine i kahi pūnana, i hiki ke loaʻa ʻelua i ka lua o kahi kumulāʻau a pololei ma ka honua. I ke kaʻina o ke koho ʻana i kahi pūnana, ukali ʻole ke kāne i ka wahine.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kūpono no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pūnana, moe ka ʻūlū mai ʻehiku a i ʻumikūmālua hua manu. Hoʻomaka ka Tangerines e waiho, ma ke ʻano he rula, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela paʻa, ma kahi o ka hopena o ʻApelila. ʻO ka wahine o ka "Duck Chinese" ke kuleana no ke kaʻina o ka hatching i nā keiki me ke kūʻokoʻa, aʻo ke kāne i kēia wā e loaʻa ka meaʻai, a lawe mai i kāna ʻāpiki. Ma ka awelika, mau ke kaʻina hatching ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, kūʻokoʻa nā moa i kū pono e lele i waho o kā lākou pūnana.
I mea e loaʻa ai nā mākau, lawe ka wahine a me nā kāne i ka pua i kahi waihona wai a i nā wahi hānai nui. Me nā moa wai ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā pākeke mandarin ke lana maʻalahi me ka manuahi ma luna o ka wai mai ka lā mua ma hope o ko lākou hānau ʻana. I kahi o ka makaʻu iki, ka hānai āpau a me ka pēpē makuahine, hūnā koke i loko o kahi mānoanoa. I kēia hihia, hoʻoliʻiliʻi pinepine ka drake i nā ʻenemi, kahi e ʻae ai i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa ke pakele.
Ke ulu nei nā ʻāpō, ma ke ʻano he wikiwiki, no laila lilo lākou i poʻe mākua i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa. I kēia manawa, ua mākaukau nā "peke Pākē" ʻōpio i nā mākau e like me ka lele ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai, no laila haʻalele mālie ka ʻōpio i ka pūnana a ka makua. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wā like e ka loli o ka plumage e ka tangerine drake i kahi lole nondescript holoʻokoʻa. A laila hana nā kāne ʻōpio i nā hipa ʻokoʻa. I ka hoʻomaka o ke kau, ua pau ka molt, no laila loaʻa hou i nā kāne mandarin kahi hiʻohiʻona a nani. Ua hele a piha nā moʻo wahine Mandarin i ka makahiki mua o ko lākou ola, akā i kēia makahiki ua ʻike ʻia nā pepeke e ka mea hiki ke hoʻohua haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mākua makua.
Aia i ke kauwela e lele nā manu mai nā wahi anuanu a ʻoluʻolu ʻole hoʻi no nā mea thermophilic i nā wahi mahana no ka hoʻi ʻana i ko lākou wahi pūnana me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna aʻe.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā duck mandarin e noho ana a pūnana i ko mākou ʻāina i hoʻohuli ʻia e ka ʻimi ʻae ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā holoholona predatory nui a manu paha ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka helu o nā kānaka. Lawe ʻia ke kī ʻana o nā ʻāpō, ma ke ʻano he rula, ma hope o ka loli ʻana o ka plumage e ka mandarin kāne.
ʻO ka ʻīlio raccoon kekahi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe maʻamau e hoʻoweliweli nei i ka pā mandarin. Ke ʻimi nei kēia holoholona hānai i nā keiki moa me ka ʻeleu loa, akā he mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi hoʻi ia i nā manu a me nā hua manu makua. Ma ka wai, hiki ke piʻi ka makaʻu nui aʻe mai ka otter a me nā manu nui o nā mea pio. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻopau maʻalahi ʻia kahi pūnana i hana ʻia e kahi pākā mandarin i loko o kahi lāʻau hollow e nā squirrels makua.
He manu thermophilic ka mandarin duck, no laila ke weliweli loa nā mahana ma lalo o 5 ° C no kona ola a me kona olakino, a make pinepine nā ʻāpō liʻiliʻi loa me kahi lōʻihi o ke kau wela.
Hānau ma ka home
Ke hoʻoulu puaʻa mandarin i ka home, pono e koho i kahi aviary liʻiliʻi me kahi wai liʻiliʻi no nā manu. Me kahi kiʻekiʻe aviary o 200 knm, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia i mau pūnana kūpono ma loko.
- kiʻekiʻe - 52 cm;
- lōʻihi - 40 cm;
- laula - 40 cm;
- me kahi puka - 12 × 12 knm.
ʻAe ʻia e pani i nā pūnana manu kuʻuna me nā pahu pūnana maʻamau, kau ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o 70-80 cm. Nui nā wahine e hoʻokomo i ka paʻa i kahi kūʻē, akā i kekahi mau manawa e ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka incubator a i ka moa hānai no kēia kumu. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he kūpilikiʻi nā pākī mandarin i nā hanana pilikia a hilahila loa, no laila hiki ke paʻakikī ke hānai iā lākou iho iā ʻoe iho.
Pono e nānā kūikawā i ka hoʻomākaukau kūʻokoʻa ʻana o ka papaʻai no ka hānai manu ʻana:
- hiki ke hōʻike i nā hānai palaoa e ka palaoa, ka palaoa, ka bale, ka palaoa a me nā ʻoka;
- pono e hoʻopiha i ka papaʻai me ka bran palaoa, ka soybean a me ka ʻai sunflower;
- e mālama i ke olakino, ʻiʻo a me ka iwi, ʻai ka iʻa a me ka mauʻu, kāpī, gammarus a me ka iwi i ʻānai ʻia i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hānai;
- i ke kauwela, hoʻopili ʻia ka meaʻai me ka dandelion ʻoki maikaʻi ʻia, saladi, plantain a me duckweed
- me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, he mea pono e hoʻohui i nā acorn a me nā kāloti kuʻi ʻia i ka hānai;
- i ka wā hoʻoheheʻe a me ka wā hānau, pono ke kū i ke kumu o ka papaʻai e bran, a me nā ʻano cereala me ka hoʻohui o ka iʻa a me ka ʻiʻo mōʻaukala;
- pono ia e hoʻomaʻa i ka nui o ka protein crude protein, ʻaʻole pono ma mua o 18-19%, kahi e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o ka diathesis acid uric i nā manu.
No laila, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, maʻalahi ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā pēpē mandarin makua, a kūpono hoʻi no ke kau ʻana i nā ʻano o nā hōʻiliʻili hui. I ke kauwela no kēlā manu, e lilo nā papa hāmama i mea maikaʻi, a i ka lumi hoʻoilo he mea nui ia e hoʻolako i kahi waihona i hana ʻia me ka wai maʻamau. E kūʻai wale ʻia kahi manu ma nā kahu hānai hilinaʻi a hōʻoia ʻia i loaʻa kā lākou mahiʻai ponoʻī no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi manu kū hoʻokahi a nani loa.
