ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana āpau o ka ʻohana salemona ke kumu kūʻai ʻia no kā lākou pulp palupalu a me ka caviar nui ʻono. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ʻo Chum salmon - he iʻa anadromous i hopu ʻia i ka pālākiō ʻoihana a aloha nui ʻia e nā poʻe o ka Hikina Hema.
Ka wehewehe o chum
Aia he 2 mau ʻano o ka chum salmon, ʻike ʻia e ka wā holo: kauwela (e ulu ana a 60-80 cm) a me ke kauwela (70-100 cm). ʻOi aku ka lohi o ke kauwela chum salmon ma mua o ka salmon chum Autumn, ʻo ia ke kumu i haʻahaʻa ai i ka lua o ka nui.
Mea nui! ʻO ka iʻa Anadromous ka poʻe e hoʻolilo i kahi ʻāpana o ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa ma ke kai a ʻo kekahi i nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o ia (i ka wā e hānau ai).
Helehelena
He poʻo conical nui ko ka chum me nā maka liʻiliʻi, me ka ʻiwi, pololei a lōʻihi hoʻi o luna... Hoʻopili iki ke kino i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a elongated. ʻOi nā mamao loa (nā anal a me nā dorsal) mai ke poʻo ma mua o ka huelo.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā salmon chum āpau e like me ka salmon poni, akā, ʻokoʻa me ia, he unahi unahi a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea ʻai. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe o nā kikoʻeleʻele o ka chum salmon ma ka caudal fin a me ke kino. A ʻo nā ʻano moekolohe ʻelua ma chum salmon (e kūʻē i ka hope o ka salmon ʻāʻī) ʻaʻole i haʻi iki ʻia.
I ke kai o ke kai, ʻālohilohi ke kino lehulehu, elongated o ka iʻa me ke kālā. I kēia manawa, loaʻa i ka chum salmon kaʻiʻo ʻulaʻula a lahilahi. E like me ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana, hoʻomaka nā loli physiological ʻike ʻia, ʻike nui ʻia i nā kāne.
Hoʻololi ke kala ʻāhinahina i melemele-ʻeleʻele, ʻike ʻia nā kiko ʻulaʻula lilelile ma nā ʻaoʻao, mānoanoa ka ʻili, a lilo nā unahi i ka uila. Ulu ke kino i ka laulā a, me he mea lā, pālahalaha ʻia; i nā kāne, pelu nā ālau, kahi e ulu ai nā niho āpau e pīhoihoi ana.
ʻO ka pili loa o ka huki ʻana, ʻo ka mea ʻeleʻele iʻa (ma waho a ma loko). Loaʻa nā waihoʻoluʻu o nā aʻa aʻa, ke alelo a me ka pā i ka ʻeleʻele, a hele a mae a keʻokeʻo hoʻi ka ʻiʻo. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Chum salmon i kēia mokuʻāina he catfish - ʻaʻole kūpono kāna ʻiʻo no nā kānaka, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻīlio ma ke ʻano he yukola.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo no ka mea nui loa ka chum salmon i hopu ʻia ma ke komohana komohana o Kanada, British Columbia. Ua huki ka pahu i 19 kg me ka lōʻihi o 112 cm. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻōlelo ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Khabarovsk ua huki lākou i kahi salmon chum mai kahi kahawai ʻo Okhota 1.5 mau mika.
ʻAno iʻa
Māhele ʻia ke ola o chum salmon i ʻelua hapa: ka hānai ʻana (wā kai) a me ka hānau ʻana (kahawai). Kū ka pae mua a hiki i ka wā ʻōpio. Ke hānai ʻana, hele a lawaiʻa ka iʻa a hoʻonui i ka paona i ke kai ākea, mai nā palena kahakai. Hana ʻia ka hānau, ma ke ʻano he rula, ma 3-5 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma 6-7 mau makahiki.
Ke komo ka chum salmon i loko o nā makahiki hānau, ʻaʻole wale kona helehelena, akā hoʻololi pū nō hoʻi kona ʻano. Kūleʻa ke ʻano o ka iʻa a kū ka huhū. Chum salmon huddle i nā pua hipa nui e neʻe i ka waha o ka muliwai kahi e hānau ai.
Ka awelika o ka iʻa e ulu ana: nā ʻano kauwela - 0.5 m, kauwela - mai 0.75 a 0.8 m. Māhele mau ʻia nā Shoals i loko o nā mākua a me nā mākua ʻole o ka moekolohe.... ʻO ka poʻe mākaukau ʻole no ka lawaiʻa ʻana hoʻi i nā kapakai hema. Ke hoʻomau nei nā hiʻohiʻona i ka moekolohe i ko lākou ala i nā wahi e hoʻomoana ai, kahi i koho ʻole ʻia ai lākou e hoʻi.
Komo ka salmon chum kauwela i nā kahawai (ʻo ia ka Logical) ma mua o ka fall chum, e kū ana i kāna papa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻano lau. Hoʻomoe pinepine ke kauwela i nā hua he 30 mau lā ma mua o ka hāʻule, akā ʻoi aku ka hope i ka helu o kāna mau hua.
Wā ola
Manaʻo ʻia hāʻule ke ola o ka chum salmon ma waena o 6-7, keu 10 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ma waena o ke koena o ka salemona Pākīpika, ʻike ʻia ka chum salmon e ka pae lōʻihi a ākea hoʻi. Ma ke komohana o ka Moana Pākīpika, noho ia mai ka Lae ʻo Bering (ʻākau) a i Kōlea (hema). No ka ʻōnaehana ʻana komo ia i loko o nā kahawai wai o ʻAsia, ka Hikina Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema (mai Alaska a Kaleponi).
Loaʻa nā salmon Chum i nā nui he nui, ma nā kahawai ʻo Amur a me Okhota, a ʻo Kamchatka hoʻi, nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Sakhalin. Uhi ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka salmon chum i ke kīʻaha o ke Kai Arctic, i nā kahawai o (Indigirka, Lena, Kolyma a me Yana) i hua mai ai.
Meaʻai, meaʻai pono
Ke hele a iʻa i ka spawn en masse, kū lākou i ka ʻai ʻana, kahi e hoʻonāukiuki ai nā mea ʻōnaehana.
Ma ka hānai ʻana, ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi no nā mākua:
- crustaceans;
- pūpū (liʻiliʻi);
- emi pinepine - nā iʻa liʻiliʻi (gerbils, smelt, herring).
Ke ulu nei ka salmon chum makua, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa i kāna papaʻai e pani ʻia e Zooplankton.
ʻAi nui ʻo Fry, me ka hoʻohui ʻana mai 2.5 a 3.5% o ko lākou kaumaha ponoʻī i kēlā me kēia lā... ʻAi lākou i nā larva insect, aquatic invertebrates (liʻiliʻi) a ʻo nā kupapaʻu palaho hoʻi o ko lākou mau ʻohana makua, me ko lākou mau mākua.
ʻO kahi salmon chum immature (30-40 cm) e hele ana i ke kai kāna mau makemake gastronomic ponoʻī:
- crustaceans (copepods a me nā heteropods);
- pteropods;
- kapa komo lole;
- krill;
- pūliki pūliki;
- iʻa liʻiliʻi (anchovies, smelt, flounder / gobies, gerbils, herring);
- heʻe ʻōpio.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻopau pinepine ʻo Chum salmon ma nā mea lou i ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ka maunu ola a me ka maunu. No laila pale ʻo ia i kāna mau keiki kūpono mai nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e ʻai i nā hua chum.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ke kauwela chum salmon e puka mai ana mai Iulai a Kepakemapa, salmon chum fall mai Sepatemaba a Nowemapa (Sakhalin) a mai ʻOkakopa a Nowemapa (Iapana). Eia hou, ʻo ke ala i ka pūnaewele e hoʻouluulu ai no ke ʻano kauwela ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ke kau o ke kau. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ke kauwela ma Amur, lanakila ka iʻa i ka 600-700 km i uka, a i ka hāʻule - ʻaneʻane 2 tausani.
Komo ʻo Chum salmon i nā kahawai ʻAmelika (Columbia a me Yukon) ʻoi aku ma mua o ka waha - ma kahi mamao ma kahi o 3 tausani km. No nā wahi e hānau ai, ke ʻimi nei ka iʻa i nā wahi me ke au mālie a me ka ʻiliʻili o ka ʻiliʻili, me kahi mahana kūpono e hoʻomoe ai (mai +1 a +12 kekelē Celsius). ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā hau hau ʻino, make pinepine ka caviar, mai ka hau ʻana o ka ʻōpū i lalo.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka pūnaewele e hoʻomālamalama ana, ua mahele ʻia nā iʻa i loko o nā ʻohana e like me nā kāne a hoʻokahi wahine. Kipaku aku nā kāne i ka iʻa a kekahi poʻe, e pale ana i kā lākou paʻa ponoʻī ʻana. ʻO ka hope nā lua caviar i uhi ʻia me kahi papa o ke one. 1.5-2 ka m ākea ka masonry a 2-3 m ka lōʻihi.
Loaʻa i hoʻokahi paʻa he 4000 mau hua... Hoʻonohonoho ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pūnana a me ka hānau ʻana mai 3 a 5 mau lā. Ma mua iki aʻe o hoʻokahi pule, pale ka wahine i ka pūnana, akā ma hope o 10 mau lā make ʻo ia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Chum salmon he mau hua alani hohonu hohonu me ke anawaena o 7.5-9 mm. ʻO ke kala waihoʻoluʻu ke kuleana no ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka larva me ka oxygen (no 90-120 mau lā) a hiki i ka manawa e lilo ai i hua piha.
Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau lā he 80 ma ka resorption o ka ʻeke yolk, a ma hope iho e holo ka hua i lalo i ka wai a hiki i ke kai (kahakai). A hiki i ke kauwela e hiki mai ana, hānai nā ʻai i nā kahakai a me nā kahakai, a ke oʻo lākou, ʻauʻau lākou i ke kai, ma kahi mamao aku o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai.
He mea nui ka waiwai kūʻai o chum salmon, hopu ʻia ka iʻa ma kahi pālākiō
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ua helu ʻia nā iʻa i ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o chum roe a me nā ʻai.
- char a me ka hina hina;
- kunja and burbot;
- Honi ʻAsia;
- nelma a minnow;
- lenok a me malma;
- lamprey a me kaluga.
He papa inoa ʻokoʻa kā ka makua makua a me ka chum salmon o nā poʻe makemake ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi holoholona ʻaihue a me nā manu.
- bea;
- ʻīlio kuʻi
- kohola beluga;
- otter;
- gull muliwai;
- luʻu;
- tern;
- merganser.
Waiwai kālepa
Lawe ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻāpana o chum salmon ma kahi pālākiō nui, eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ia i nā liʻiliʻi (hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka salmon pink).
Aia i waena o nā mea lawaiʻa kuʻuna nā ʻupena (floatable / paʻa) a me nā kaula (ʻeke / pale). I ko mākou ʻāina, hopu ʻia ka salmon chum me nā ʻupena i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka waena o nā kahawai a me nā wahi estuarine o ke kai.... Hoʻohui, ua lilo ka chum salmon i māka maikaʻi loa no nā mea ʻai manu.
Hoihoi ia!I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hiki nō ke ʻae me nā lawaiʻa Kepanī, akā nui nā mea kanu iʻa iʻa (a me nā kauhale lawaiʻa a puni) ʻaʻole i hoʻāla hou ʻia.
I hele maikaʻi ʻole ka lawaiʻa, hoʻonoho ʻia nā mea kanu o ke kau kokoke i nā wahi iʻa. Ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kū ka nui o nā ʻoihana ma muli o ka hewa o Iapana, ka mea i lawe ʻia ma mua o 15 tausani km o nā pūnaewele ma ka palena o ka wai kaiāulu o ka USSR. ʻAʻole hiki i ka salmon Pākīpika (chum salmon) ke hoʻi a laila i nā loko a me nā kahawai o Kamchatka, i nā kahua huki kuʻuna, kahi i hōʻemi loa i ka nui o nā iʻa waiwai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka pio pio ʻole, a me ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o ka wahi maoli o chum salmon ua alakaʻi ʻia i kahi emi haʻahaʻa o kāna heluna kanaka ma Lūkia.
ʻO nā hana pale wale nō i hoʻolaha ʻia i ka pae mokuʻāina i ʻae ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka (i kahi ʻāpana hapa)... I kēia mau lā, hopu ʻia ka chum salmon no nā amateurs ka mea i kaupalena ʻia a ʻae ʻia ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi laikini.
