ʻO ka hermit buzzard (Buteo solitarius) no ke kauoha ʻo Falconiformes.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o kahi hermit buzzard
ʻO ka hermit buzzard kahi kino o 46 cm.ʻO kona ʻēheu he 87 - 101 kenimika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka manu lūlū hiki i 441 gram. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne; kaumaha ka wahine nui a 605 g.
He manu liʻiliʻi ia me nā ʻeheu ākea a me kahi huelo pokole. Hōʻike ʻia ke kala Plumage i nā ʻano ʻelua: pouli a me ka mālamalama, ʻoiai ʻo ka plumage me ka waena, hiki i nā ʻano pākahi. ʻO nā manu me nā plumage pouli ma ka luna a me ka lalo o ke kino e like ke kala me ka ʻeleʻele. Plumage o ka malu like, me ke poʻo, ka umauma a me nā underwings.
He poʻo pouli ko nā kānaka māmā, nā umauma māmā a me nā plumage i loko o ka ʻēheu. Ma lalo o ka plumage keʻokeʻo me nā hōʻailona ʻulaʻula.
He uhi hulu paler ko nā ʻōpio hermit, koe wale no nā ʻeheu. I nā mākua o kahi morph pouli, ʻo nā plumage ma lalo ke kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻIke ʻia nā māka mālamalama ma ka ʻōpū. I ka wā hānau, malia paha i ka wahine, kū ke kihi o ka ʻili ma luna o ka nuku melemele.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻeleʻele nā ʻōlapa hermit ʻōpio me ka plumage keʻokeʻo o kekahi o ke kua a me ka ʻōpū. Polū ka wax. Lena ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā wāwae.
Kahi noho ʻo Hermit Buzzard
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā buzzards Hawaiʻi ma nā wahi ākea a hiki i 2,700 m. Noho lākou i nā wahi mahiʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā ululāʻau āpau ma ka mokupuni, e like me nā ʻākala a me nā wahi eucalyptus. Makemake lākou e pūnana i nā lāʻau Metrosideros, e ulu mālie a nalo mālie.
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā manu lele i kekahi mau loli anthropogenic a noho ma waho o nā māla o ke kō, papaya, macadamia, ma nā māla a me nā māla, kahi e ʻimi ai nā manu passerine a me nā koʻokoʻo. Akā kahi mea e pono ai no ke alo o nā hermit buzzards ke kū ʻana o nā kumulāʻau nunui a liʻiliʻi hoʻi. Loaʻa i ka wahi noho kahi lawa kūpono o nā meaʻai (ka nui o nāʻiole). No laila, ʻo ka hoʻololi i nā wahi noho mua a me ka loli o nā wahi no ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia ʻaʻole ia he mea keakea i ka hana hou ʻana o ka hermit buzzard
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka hermit buzzard
ʻO ka hermit buzzard ka hopena o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina. Loaʻa ma ka moku nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia kona ʻano ma nā mokupuni kokoke: ʻo Maui, ʻo Oahu, a me Kauai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoulu o ka hermit buzzard
ʻO ka wā kau pūnana no nā hermit buzzards ma Malaki a mau a hiki i Kepakemapa. I ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ʻole mua o Mei, aia ka hoʻokumu paʻa paʻa ʻana. Nui nā ʻokoʻa i nā wā hānau ma muli o ka ua nui o ka ua i ka wā ua. I ka wā hānau, hana kekahi manu manu i ka lele ʻana a me ka luʻu ʻana i nā lele me ka lele ʻana o nā ʻeheu a pā i ka hoa me kā lākou mau wāwae. I ka pūnana ʻana, lilo i mau manu lele i mea hakakā, ke pale nei i ko lākou ʻāina. Kūʻē lākou i kēlā me kēia i hōʻino i nā palena o kekahi wahi, me kahi kanaka.
Kūkulu nā manu ʻelua i ka pūnana.
ʻO kēia kahi hanana nui o kā lākou mau lālā, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ma kahi mamao o 3.5 - 18 mau mika mai ka ʻili o ka honua. Aia ka pūnana ma kahi o 50 mau kenimika ākea. Hoʻomoe wale ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua manu, pale keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. Hoʻokū ʻia ka hoʻouluulu ma kahi o 38 mau lā, a ʻo ka manawa āpau a puni ka manawa mai 59 a 63 mau lā. Lawe ke kāne i ka meaʻai no nā pule ʻehā mua. ʻO ka pākēneka o ka hatching kūleʻa o nā moa mai 50 a 70%. Hana nā manu ʻōpio i nā lele mua i 7-8 mau pule.
ʻO nā pā o nā buzzards i kūleʻa pono i nā keiki ʻaʻole hana maʻamau i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Hānai nā buzzards makua hermit i nā manu ʻōpio no 25-37 mau pule hou aʻe ma hope o ko lākou plumage.
Hānai ʻana iā Hermit Buzzard
ʻAʻole pīhoihoi nā buzzards Hermit e pili ana i ka meaʻai a hiki ke hoʻololi i kahi papaʻai like ʻole e pili ana i ka loaʻa o nā kumuwaiwai. Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia kā lākou papaʻai me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Hawaii e ka poʻe Polenesia a me nā ʻEulopa - nā kolonā, nāna i hāʻawi i nā manawa hou no ka predation.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka waiwai pio o ka hermit buzzards nā ʻāpana manu he 23, ʻeono mau māmala. Hoʻohui ʻia, komo pū ka papaʻai i nā mea kuhi ʻehiku, a me nā amphibians a me nā crustacea.
Hoʻololi ke ʻano o ka meaʻai i nā wahi a nā manu e noho ai.
Ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa, aia nā pūnana i loko o nā ululāʻau a i ʻole ma kahi kokoke i nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia, alualu nā manu o nā manu i nā manu liʻiliʻi, kahi o ka hapa nui o nā pio i hopu ʻia (ma kahi o 64%). I nā wahi mauna, ʻo ka meaʻai nui nā mea hoʻomalu, kokoke 84%. I ka pāpū, aia kekahi ʻokoʻa i ka predation ma muli o ka moekolohe o nā manu: hopu nā kāne i nā manu he nui aku i ka wahine. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi me nā puʻu, ʻaʻohe mea ʻokoʻa i hōʻike ʻia i ka papaʻai o nā kāne a me nā wahine.
Nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o ka hermit buzzard heluna kanaka
Loaʻa ka hoʻemi o ka helu o nā hermit buzzards ma muli o ka hoʻololi o ka wahi noho ma muli o ka nāhelehele no nā mea kanu mahiʻai. Hoʻopilikia ka lawe ʻana mai o nā ungulate kūloko i ka mokuʻāina o nā ululāʻau a kāpae i ko lākou hana hou ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, nalowale nā kumulāʻau o nā lāhui kūloko, kahi e pupuʻu ai ka hermit. A ma kahi o lākou e ulu ai nā mea kanu exotic, hoʻololi i ka nohona. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāina no nā wahi hānai, kanu eucalyptus, kūkulu, palau ʻia no nā mahi kō.
Ke kūlana mālama o ka hermit buzzard
Ua helu ʻia ka hermit buzzard ma ka Pakui II a CITES. ʻAneʻa i ka USA. I ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o IUCN, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia me he mea lā aneane pau i ka make. Ma hope o kahi ana i mālama ʻia ma ka mokupuni ma 2007, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi hoʻolālā e kāpae kūloko i nā holoholona i hānai ʻia mai kahi noho hou.
I kēia manawa, manaʻo ʻia ka help buzzard paʻa paʻa. ʻO ka hāʻule mua o ka helu o nā manu manu lele ma muli o ke kī ʻole ʻana i ke kī ʻana a me nā ʻano o ka alualu pololei ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o nā laha ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka maʻi ahulau.
