ʻO ka panda ʻulaʻula kahi holoholona i aʻo liʻiliʻi ʻia. Pili i nā canids suborder. I Kina, ua kapa ʻia ia ʻo hunho, ʻo ia hoʻi, he alopeke ahi. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o kona inoa i kahi mōʻaukala nani. Ua kapa ʻia kēia holoholona he bear dwarf, he pōpoki ʻōlinolino a me kahi wolverine no ka like o kona ʻano.
Wahi a ka kaao o ka hui Mozilla, lawe ka mea nānā Firefox i kona inoa mai kēia holoholona kupaianaha. ʻO ka inoa Lākina no ka panda liʻiliʻi ʻo Ailurus fulgens (Aylur), ʻo ia hoʻi "pōpoki ahi". ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻepekema kūhelu, ua aʻa ka inoa "panda" no kēia holoholona.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka wehewehe mua o kēia ʻano i ʻike ʻia mai Kina medieval. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i ke ʻano o ka "ahi ahi" i nā memo mai ka makahiki 13. ʻO ka ʻike kūhelu o Ailur i hana ʻia ma 4 mau kenekulia ma hope mahalo i nā naturalists mai ʻEulopa: ʻO Thomas Hardwick lāua ʻo Frederic Cuvier. Ua ʻike ka mea mua o lākou i kahi holoholona ʻehā wāwae wāwae uʻi ma mua o kāna hoa Farani, akā ua lawe ka lua i ka leʻaleʻa o ka mea ʻike.
Ua makemake ʻo Harding e kāhea i ka holoholona iyh-ha, e like me ke kani a ka poʻe mahiʻai Kina i kāhea aku ai. ʻO Cuvier i mua o ka mea Pelekane a hāʻawi iā ia i nā fulurus Latin maʻi. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā inoa ʻelua. Hoʻomaka ka holoholona e kapa ʻia he panda ma ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻEulopa, nāna i hoʻololi i ka inoa ʻo Nepalese "cat cat" - punnio.
ʻAʻole ka panda ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi i pōpoki, ʻoiai e like paha ka nui me ia. Kona Ana:
- 4.2-6 kg - wahine wahine;
- 3.8-6.2 kg - kāne kāne.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 50-60 cm. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke kino. Ua like ka lōʻihi o ka huelo me ke kino. Hoʻololi ʻia ia e paʻa deftly i nā lālā lāʻau.
Ākea ke poʻo, e like me ka marten a i kahi skunk. Kuhi ka waha i lalo, elongated iki, pōkole. Liʻiliʻi ka pepeiao i ka nui, poepoe, e like me ka bea, pokole nā wāwae akā ikaika. Huki hou nā māiʻuʻu i ka hapalua. ʻAe kēia i ka ʻalopeke ahi e piʻi maikaʻi i nā lālā a iho i lalo i lalo.
ʻO ka panda ʻulaʻula kala ʻole ʻia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka malu o ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ke ahi, a ma lalo - ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO ka hulu hipa ma ke kua he kua gula ma nā kihi.
Māmā ka poʻo. ʻOkoʻa i kahi "mask" kūikawā ma ka maka. ʻO kēia kala no kēlā me kēia kanaka he "outline" ponoʻī. Ma muli o kēia, nani ka holoholona. ʻO ka huelo he kala kaulike ʻole ia. Hiki i ke kala nui ke ʻulaʻula māmā, melemele me nā apo keʻokeʻo ma ka lōʻihi o ka huelo.
Hana nā panda ʻulaʻula i nā leo e like me ke kani o ka ea kahe, kahi ʻano no nā raccoons. Ke hoʻopilikia ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ke kīpoki ahi i kona kua a hisses. Pehea e kamaʻilio ai ka panda? Hana ʻia kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā poses a me nā kani ʻano. Kū ʻo ia i kona mau wāwae hope a nānā i kāna mea kamaʻilio.
Lulu kona poʻo i nā ʻaoʻao. I ka manawa like, hana ʻo ia i nā kani me kona mau niho, ke kaomi ʻana iā lākou. Puffs ʻo ia, a i loko o kēia kani iyha e lohe ʻia ai, e like me ke kani ʻana o nā manu. ʻO ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ke poʻo a i ʻole ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, e hoʻāla nei i ka huelo i loko o ka arc e hoʻokani pū kekahi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka holoholona.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka panda ʻulaʻula he hōʻailona o ka genus Aylur. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e kahi hui o nā hiʻohiʻona i lawe ʻia mai nā holoholona like ʻole - skunks, martens, bear and raccoons. Hōʻike kēia i kāna ʻano i pili i ke ʻano mua i puka mai nā canine o kēia lā a me marten-like.
ʻO nā ʻano Aylur ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana me ka panda ʻulaʻula nui, ua pau. Wahi a nā ʻike archaeological, noho lākou i kahi ʻāina nui o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika. Loaʻa mau nā mōʻalihaku ma Siberia.
I ko mākou manawa, aia 2 mau ʻāpana:
- Panda ʻulaʻula o Styan;
- Panda ʻulaʻula komohana (kiʻi ʻia).
Noho nā subspecies mua ma ka ʻākau o Myanmar, ma nā wahi hema o Kina. ʻO ka lua ma Nepal, Bhutan. ʻO ia, kekahi o lākou no ka ʻĀkau hikina o ka noho ʻana, a ʻo kekahi no ka ʻaoʻao komohana.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka panda ʻulaʻula, e like me nā holoholona, hele i ka hopu holoholona i ka pō. A laila hānai ʻo ia i ka ʻohe, larvae, nā aʻa mea kanu. I ke ahiahi, ʻike maikaʻi nā maka o ka "ʻalopeke ahi." ʻAe kēia iā ia e neʻe maʻalahi i nā lālā a loaʻa i kahi e pale ai mai nā mea ʻaihue - bear and martens.
ʻO ka nohona Nocturnal kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka Aylurs. I ka lā, hiamoe ka holoholona. I ke kau mahana, makemake ka panda e noho ma nā lālā. Ke anuanu, nānā ia no kahi hale hoʻomehana: ma ka lua o kahi kumulāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho iā ia iho i kahi pūnana o nā lālā a me nā lau.
ʻAʻole kūlohelohe ke ʻano o ka panda liʻiliʻi. Mahalo i kēia, ʻike ʻo ia i kahi ʻōlelo maʻamau me nā poʻe noho o ka nahele. Noho pālua a ʻohana paha lākou. ʻAʻole komo ke kāne i ka hānai ʻana o ka ʻōpio, no laila ke kau nui nei ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai na nā "keiki" ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o ka makuahine.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā pandas liʻiliʻi ke ʻae i nā loli o ka mahana, paʻakikī e ʻike i nā loli i nā kūlana anilā. Ma muli o kēia, maʻamau wale ko lākou helehelena i nā wahi aʻe:
- Myanmar ʻĀkau, Burma;
- Hikina o Nepal a me India;
- Butane;
- Nā panalāʻau hema o Kina (Sichuan, Yunnan).
ʻO kahi punahele kahi e noho ai ka panda ʻulaʻula, ka mauna mauna Himalayan, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000-4000 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Noho ka "Fire Fox" ma kahi like me ka panda nunui. No ka meaʻai maikaʻi a me kahi hoʻomaha, koi nā holoholona i ka nui o nā mea kanu. ʻO nā lāʻau coniferous kiʻekiʻe a deciduous e pale i ka ʻohe mai ka hau.
He kuleana nui ko Rhododendrons ma aneʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia me nā mānoanoa ʻohe, hāʻawi lākou i ka momona o ka lepo kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike nui ʻia ʻo Conifers e ka pine a me ka fir. Deciduous - chestnut, ʻoka, maple.
Me ke aniau ke aniau. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ua i ka makahiki ma mua o 350 mm. ʻO ka mahana mai 10 a 25 ℃. Kapua ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma aneʻi. No laila, ʻike nui ʻia ka ulu nui ʻana o nā laikini a me nā limu. Ma muli o ka nui o nā mea kanu ma aneʻi a pili maoli nā aʻa, alakaʻi kēia i ka momona o ka lepo.
Ka lehulehu o ka panda liʻiliʻi: 1 holoholona no 2.4 sq. Km. Ma muli o ka ʻaihue ʻana, ke emi nei ka nui o nā holoholona. No laila, hiki i ka mānoanoa o ka noho ʻana o ka pōpoki ahi ke piʻi i 11 sq. Km.
Meaʻai kūpono
He molars maikaʻi ka panda ʻulaʻula no ka wili ʻana i nā meaʻai mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kāna ʻōnaehana digestive kahi ʻōpū pololei. He ʻano maʻamau ia no nā mea ʻaihue.
ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino o ka panda ke omo i ka 25% o nā calorie i loaʻa i nā ʻau ʻohe. Kuhi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e koho ʻo ia i nā ʻōpuʻu palupalu a ʻai pono no 13-14 mau hola i ka lā.
Ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o cellulose, ʻai ka panda i nā koʻokoʻo, ʻaʻole lau. I ke kau anuanu, koi ʻia ka holoholona e uku no ka nele o nā protein me nā larva insect, mushroom a me nā hua. I ka pūnāwai, aia kahi pōpoki ahi i kahi hana mau o ka omo ʻana i ka meaʻai e hoʻopiha i kona ikehu. ʻO ka papaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā he 4 kg o ka sprouts a me ka 1.5 kg o nā lau ʻohe.
ʻO kēlā ʻano mea kupaianaha e makemake i nā meaʻai mea kanu i ke alo o kahi ʻōpū o ka lumi hoʻokahi ke ʻano o nā holoholona he nui. Hōʻike kēia i ka hana evolutionary i hala i kahi manawa lōʻihi. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua lilo i mau lāpihi nā mea hihi ma muli o ka nele o ka mea kanu mea kanu.
Aia wale nō ka panda ʻulaʻula ma Rūsia ma nā panalāʻau o ka zoo. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻai ʻo ia i ka ʻiʻo. Mai ka meaʻai makemake ʻo ia i nā ʻōpuʻu o nā lāʻau palupalu, nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā lau, ka porridge laiki me ka waiū.
ʻO ka nele mau o ka meaʻai i alakaʻi ʻia i ka holo ʻana o ka metabolism o ka holoholona. Mahalo i kēia waiwai, hiki ke hele me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ka hulu mānoanoa e uhi ana i nā wāwae e kōkua e mahana. Piʻi ka hiamoe o Pandas i kahi pōpō, hāʻawi kēia i ka mahanahana.
I ka wā hoʻoilo, hiki i nā holoholona ke lilo i 1/6 o ko lākou kaumaha. Hana ʻia kēia ʻoiai ʻoiai ʻoiai ʻo ke kau anuanu ke ala lākou a alakaʻi i kahi nohona hana: ʻimi mau lākou i ka meaʻai a nau mau a ʻai i kekahi mea.
ʻO nā panda ʻulaʻula he omnivorous. A ʻoiai ʻo nā mea kanu ke hana i ka hapa nui o kā lākou papaʻai, ua manaʻo ʻia he mau mea ʻai. Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia hāʻawi ʻia kēia wehewehe i nā holoholona ʻaʻole no ka mea e ʻimi holoholona lākou. A no ka mea he ʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa ko ka ʻōpū.
ʻAʻole ia he maha-keʻena i nā pandas, e like me nā artiodactyls herbivorous, akā maʻalahi. ʻO ia ke kumu i koho ai nā holoholona i nā wana palupalu wale nō no ka hānai ʻana. I kekahi manawa hoʻohui ka panda i nā pua, nā hua manu, nāʻiole liʻiliʻi i ka papaʻai maʻamau. Kākaʻikahi wale nō, i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai, hānai kekahi kanaka i ke kino make.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka ka wā moena no kēia mau holoholona nani i ke kau anuanu. ʻO Ianuali ka mahina kūpono loa no kēia. I kēia manawa, keʻimi nei nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā hoa. Hoʻokumu lāua i kahi kāne i ke ola. Aia a loaʻa kahi hoa ola, hōʻailona nā holoholona i ka ʻāina me kā lākou mea huna a mimi paha. Ma ka honi, nānā lākou i nā mea kūpono no ka moena a me ka noho pū ʻana.
ʻO ka hiki i ka wahine ke hāpai he hoʻokahi wale nō manawa i ka makahiki no kekahi mau lā wale nō. ʻO ia ke kumu e hōʻike ai lākou i nā hōʻailona o ka "flirting" ʻeleu me nā kāne i mea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i kekahi o lākou e male. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine he 50 mau lā. Ke noʻonoʻo nei he diapause ka holoholona, 90-150 mau lā ka manawa.
He aha ia diapause? He haki kēia i ka ulu ʻana o ka embryo. ʻAʻole hoʻomohala koke ka hua manu momona. No kēia, lawe ia mai 20 a 70 mau lā. A laila hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomohala intrauterine. Ua loaʻa kēia mau ʻikepili hāpai ma o ka nānā ʻana i kahi panda ʻulaʻula e noho pio ana. ʻAʻohe paha ʻano ʻano like i ka nāhelehele.
Ke hiki mai ka manawa e hānau nā pēpē, hoʻomaka ka makuahine e hoʻolako i ka pūnana. Aia ia i loko o kahi pōhaku, i loko o ka lua. A i ʻole i ka hollow o nā kumu lāʻau, e like me nā squirrels. Ma ke ʻano he substrate hale, hoʻohana ka pōpoki ahi i nā mea ma ka lima.
He lau kēia, mauʻu, lālā. Hoʻomaka ka hana maʻamau o nā wahine i Iulai a Mei paha. ʻO ka wā holoʻokoʻa āpau e mau ai i hoʻokahi lā. ʻO ka maʻamau ma hope o 4 pm a 9 pm ʻO ke kaupaona o nā pēpē "ahi ahi" he 130 g. Makapo makapō a kuli hoʻi nā keiki hānau hou. ʻO ke kala he 1-2 mau leo māmā ma mua o ka makua. ʻAʻohe. ʻO ke kala ʻōniʻoniʻo o ka pale i hope.
I loko o kahi ʻōpala o nā pandas maʻa mau ma mua o 2, i kekahi mau hihia a hiki i ka 4 "kittens". Ma muli o nā pilikia me ka meaʻai a me nā ʻano noho, hoʻokahi wale nō o nā mea ʻelua e ola ana i ka wā makua. I nā lā mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki, kau ka makuwahine i nā māka ʻano ma luna o lākou.
Kōkua lākou iā ia e loaʻa nā pēpē e ka honi. Mahalo i kēia tag, maʻalahi ka loaʻa o nā pēpē. I mea e kākoʻo ai i ke ola o nā keiki, haʻalele ka wahine i ka hollow i nā manawa he nui i ka lā. Hoʻolālā ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai na lākou. E kipa iā lākou i nā manawa he 4-6 i nā hola he 12 e hānai a palu iā lākou.
ʻOi aku ka lohi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā keiki ahi ma mua o ka mea āu e noʻonoʻo ai. ʻO kahi laʻana, wehe wale nā pēpē i ko lākou mau maka i ka lā 20. Hoʻomaka nā pēpē e hāhai kūʻokoʻa i kā lākou mau makuahine ma 3 mau mahina. I loko o kēia wā, he ʻano kala ko lākou.
Mai kēia manawa, ua kuapo nā keiki i ka papaʻai huikau, hoʻohui ʻia ka waiū me ka meaʻai paʻa - nā lālā ʻohe, nā lau, a ma kekahi mau hihia - nā ʻeneka e hoʻopiha i ka protein. ʻO ka hōʻole hope loa o ka "umauma" i nā keiki i 5 mau mahina.
A laila hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka pō. Lawe ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā pēpē ma lalo o ka nānā ikaika a ka makuahine. Kēia wā, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻīlio, hiki ke mau a hiki i ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine a i ʻole ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki hou.
I kēia wā o ke ola, loaʻa i nā keiki nā hiʻohiʻona āpau o nā mākua a hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa i kahi kaʻawale a hiki i ka wā e loaʻa ai iā lākou kahi kāne. ʻO ka mea koe wale nō ka wā ʻōpio i loko o nā pēpē ʻaʻole hiki koke ma hope o ko lākou kaʻawale ʻana mai ko lākou makuahine, akā ma hope o 1-2 mau makahiki. I kēia manawa hoʻomaka lākou e nānā pono i ka wahine ʻē aʻe a nānā i kahi hoa no ke ola.
Helu a me ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o ka ʻenemi ahi ʻaʻole nui ka ʻenemi, aia kona ʻano ma kahi o ka luku. Ua helu ʻia ka panda i loko o ka Buke ʻulaʻula ma ke ʻano he "hopena" o ka nalowale. He holoholona kēia i ka pono o ka mālama a me ka nānā mau ʻana i ka heluna kānaka. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mākua a puni ka honua i 2,500-3,000. Ma waho o kēlā mau holoholona i mālama ʻia i nā zoo.
Ua lawa ka ʻāpana o ka mahele o ka pandas. Akā ʻo ka nāhelehele mau ʻana o nā ululāʻau tropika, e ʻimi ana i ka huluhulu holoholona - alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi o ka helu. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia i nā ʻāina e like me India a me Nepal.
I nā zoo, mālama ʻia ka panda ʻulaʻula i loko o nā pā hāmama, akā ʻaʻole ma nā pā. Mai ka palena o ke ākea e alakaʻi ai i ke olakino holoholona maikaʻi. I kēia lā, ma kahi o 380 mau holoholona i mālama ʻia i nā zoo. Ma kahi o ka helu like o nā kānaka i hōʻike ʻia ma nā 20 mau makahiki i hala.
I kekahi mau ʻāina, mālama ʻia kēia mau holoholona ma ke ʻano he holoholona. Akā ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano maikaʻi ʻole no ka mokuʻāina o nā panda liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ka pono o ka meaʻai a me ka mālama maikaʻi. Me ka ʻai kūpono ʻole a me ka ʻaihue i ke aupuni, make ka pandas mai nā maʻi e pili ana i nā maʻi ʻōpū.
Hānai ʻino nā Poacher i nā pandas no ka hulu i hoʻohana ʻia no nā pāpale, a no ka hana ʻana i nā amulets. Nui a hewahewa nā pili pili i kā lākou hana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hulu fox ahi e hana i nā palaki no ka hemo ʻana i ka lepo mai nā lako hale. Hoʻopau pinepine nā heluna lehulehu ma India, Bhutan a me Kina i kaʻiʻo panda. ʻOiai ke ʻala maikaʻi ʻole, koi ʻia ia.
