Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Nane e pili ana i ka robin mai kā mākou mea heluhelu ʻo Marina Khaleeva:
Lele wau i nā wahi mehana no ka hoʻoilo.
E pili ana i koʻu ʻāina kulāiwi - kaʻu mea hoʻomanaʻo:
Ke ʻā ʻana, ke kauwela, ka lau ma ka umauma,
ʻO ia mau me aʻu ... ʻO wai wau? Inoa ia!
ʻO kēia mea mele eheu ʻēheu he pili i ka manu, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka nui (ma kahi o 15 cm). ʻO ia ʻano birdie, a me nā ʻalalā, nā ale, nā titmice, nā starling a me nā manu ʻē aʻe he nui loa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā ornithologists i waena o nā passerines - ke kauoha nui loa o ke kaiāulu hulu holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO Robin he kala hoihoi, hoʻomaopopo a aniani hoʻi, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka pilikino a me ke ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka piko o kona uhi hulu mai ka occiput a i ka huelo he ʻoliva-ʻeleʻele a hina paha me kahi aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo; ʻulaʻula nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, ka umauma, ka ʻāʻī a me ka lae; aneane keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū.
Akā he wehewehe kuhi wale kēia, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa iki ka nānā ʻana o kēlā me kēia manu. A ʻo kēia ʻokoʻa o nā kala o ka plumage pili wale i ka wahine wale nō, akā i ka makahiki o kekahi kanaka, a me kāna wahi noho.
ʻO kahi kikoʻī e hoʻonani i ka umauma o nā robins, akā ʻano ʻokoʻa ia i nā outline a me nā aka waihoʻoluʻu. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ke kala o kona ʻano. ʻO kēlā "mua-pālule", e hoʻonani ana i nā kāne, noho i kahi ākea, e hoʻolaha ana mai ka umauma i luna a i ka ʻāʻī a i ke poʻo.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻōmole o nā manu o ka hema. Eia kekahi, me ka nānā ʻole i ka nohona, nā manu makua makua wale nō e haʻi ʻia i ka umauma ʻulaʻula. ʻO "Dicky" o ka ʻōpio, e like me ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻeheu i kaha ʻia ʻaʻole ʻulaʻula loa, akā he ʻulaʻula ulaʻula.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā kua o nā manu ʻōpio me nā kiko ʻeleʻele, a keʻokeʻo ka lalo. He kala pale kēia i kū ʻole i ke kāʻei kua o ke ʻano a puni, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hūnā i nā ʻōpio ʻike ʻole i ka makaʻu.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lole o nā wahine wahine ʻoi aku ka like me ke ʻano o ke kuʻi e like me nā kāne makua. A hōʻike kēia i ka manaʻo huna i loko o ke kūlohelohe. Aia kekahi manaʻo ma o ka wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe, kona hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me kona ʻōlinolino, hoʻoholo nā robins i ka makahiki o kahi hoa, kona ʻano, nā laha, mākaukau no ka male ʻana, a loaʻa pū kekahi ʻike ʻē aʻe i kūpono loa no ka kamaʻilio manu ʻana.
ʻO nā Chicks, e kekahi mau aniani kala e ʻike maopopo ʻia e lākou, ʻike i ko lākou makuahine, e hoʻomaopopo ana i ke ʻano ke hele aku i ka pūnana o kekahi mea lele: e uē ana a e wehe ana i ko lākou nuku i ke kakali ʻana i kahi hānai i kali ʻia a noho mālie paha, e makaʻu ana i ka maka o kahi malihini hulu hoʻohuoi.
Eia hou, aia kekahi wehewehe i loko o nā peculiarities o nā kala: no ke aha i kapa ʻia ai ka robin? ʻIke ʻia kahi kikoʻī o nā hulu o nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula mai kahi mamao aku, mai ka ʻoki ʻia ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo a hoʻomau i ka ʻōlelo kanaka.
Aia kekahi manaʻo he ʻano "mark of Christ" kēia - kahi kulu o kona koko, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka moʻolelo kahiko. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i manaʻo ai ka poʻe Pelekania i nā manu manu ʻulaʻula e like me ke ʻano o ke Kalikimaka a ma kēia lā nui ua paʻi lākou i nā kiʻi o ia mau manu ma nā kāleka aloha.
No ke kumu hoʻokahi, ua kapa ʻia nā manu i wehewehe ʻia he robins. No kekahi mau lāhui, manaʻo ʻia lākou he hōʻailona o ka lā o ke kakahiaka. ʻO kekahi inoa kapakapa no nā birdie kekahi i ʻike a hoʻolaha ʻia: alders.
He kālena kamahaʻo kā kēlā mau manu. He mau hīmeni kupaianaha lākou, hiki ke hana i nā leo mele mele loa. A i nā mea e pili ana i nā leo, loaʻa iā lākou nā manawa āpau ʻaʻole wale e hoʻokūkū me nā nightingales, akā e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi poʻo.
Robin mele a me ke kala o ka plumage, halihali ia i kekahi mau ʻike no kēia mau manu. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona e hōʻailona i nā palena o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia, e ʻumeʻume i nā hoa i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, hoʻopunipuni lākou i nā mea ʻē aʻe he maʻalahi wale i kēia mau mea kū hoʻokahi.
E hoʻolohe i ka mele a robin
Hiki ke lohe ʻia kēlā ʻano mele i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki. Eia wale nō, no ka laʻana, i ka hāʻule, i kēia mau kani, hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i ke kaumaha a me ka nostalgia no nā lā pumehana kupaianaha. Akā i ka pūnāwai e lilo nā mele i mea nui, mālamalama a me ka hauʻoli.
Lawe pinepine ʻia ia mau kani a puni ka wahi i ka wanaʻao i ka puka ʻana o ka lā, a lohe ʻia nō lākou i ke alaula o ke ahiahi i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. ʻO kēia kekahi kumu e kāhea aku ai i kēia mau manu robins a i ʻole i kekahi mau ʻano, ala wale wale nō.
He mea mau ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻelele o ke aupuni hulu manu i ka genus o nā manu ʻeleʻele mai ka ʻohana manu liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "flycatchers". Eia nō naʻe, i ka helehelena, ʻoi aku ka like o ka robin i nā nightingales, ʻo ke kino wale nō ke kū ʻole.
No kēia a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, hoʻolaha ka helu o nā biologists i kēia laha ma ke ʻano he genus ʻokoʻa o nā robins. ʻAʻole like me ko lākou ʻohana mamao, nā manu liʻiliʻi, kaena aʻe lākou i nā wāwae lōʻihi ikaika a kūpaʻa hoʻi a me nā ʻūlū ʻino paʻa ʻole.
ʻO ka nuku o kēlā mau manu he liʻiliʻi, maʻemaʻe, ʻoi, ʻeleʻele i ka hopena; ʻeleʻele nā maka, liʻiliʻi; hanohano ka plumage, e hāʻawi ana i ka piha ʻike manu a me ka ʻume o waho. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hana nui lākou, ma o kā lākou ʻano hana a ʻeleu lākou. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī hou aku o ko lākou helehelena kiʻi o robin.
Nā ʻano
Hoʻohui like ʻia kēlā mau manu i kahi ʻano i loaʻa ka inoa o ka inoa like me ka genus: robin (ʻo ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo "robin" ʻaʻole ia e pili i nā ʻōlelo ʻepekema, akā i ka ʻōlelo maʻamau). Akā ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻokoʻa iho i mau helu o nā subspecies.
ʻAʻole kūlike ko lākou lunamakaʻāinana i ke kala a me ka hiohiona i ka hōʻike i hāʻawi ʻia ma mua. No laila, pono lākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā. Akā like ka nui o kā lākou nui a like me nā mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna. A ke kokoke nei ke kaumaha i ka awelika o 17 gram.
- Noho ka robin Kepanī i ka pae ʻāina Kepani, ma ka hema o Kina, nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Sakhalin. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā kala hou i nā lole hulu o nā kāne o kēia ʻāpana: polū ma ka ʻōpū a me ke kua, a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ma nā wēlau o nā ʻeheu. Akā, ʻaʻohe o nā kala e nā "lede" hulu o kēia mau ʻāpana. ʻO ko lākou lole ka mea e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kani brown brown.
- ʻO ka robin ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka mea like ʻole me nā kaikunāne i haʻi mua ʻia i ke kala plumage. ʻO kona ʻāʻī a me ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o kona alo a puni kona mau maka a me kona ihu ʻeleʻele. Uhi ka hulu ʻulaʻula i ke poʻo o ke poʻo, ke kua a me nā ʻeheu, a māmā ka ʻōpū. Hīmeni nani kēlā mau manu a kūkulu i nā pūnana i nā ululāʻau o ka hema o Kina, Taiwan, a ma Iapana hoʻi, ka hapanui ma ka moku ʻo Ryukyu, a no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo Ryukyu nightingales.
- ʻO ka robin tailed keʻokeʻo mauna e like me nā subspecies o mua wale nō i ka nui, akā ʻo nā ʻāpana o ke kino e like me ka manu nūnū. Hoihoi a nani nā kala. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kala o ka peni ka mea i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka polū. ʻEʻeleʻele ka hulu lele. Aia nā kaha keʻokeʻo ma ke kino. Noho kēlā mau manu ma Caucasus a me Siberia.
- ʻO ka robin blue-blue mauna i like me ka nui o ke kala i ka plumage o nā ʻāpana mua. ʻO kona lole e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā aka polū a me nā polū. Ma waho, he ʻano liʻiliʻi ia e like me ka ʻoka, ma muli paha o ka ʻōlinolino o nā kala o ka lole. ʻIke ʻia kēlā ʻano manu ma Indonesia, ʻAsia, ʻApelika.
- He wahi like ka robin Java me nā subspecies i hala, koe wale nō ʻo ʻApelika. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Java. ʻOiai ʻo ia he kamaʻāina o nā wahi mehana, no ka nele o ka pono e lele i ka hoʻoilo, aia nō kahi kanaka noho. Mālamalama ke kala, i kūlike i nā ʻano o nā manu hema.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO nā manu umauma ʻulaʻula he mea maʻamau ia ma nā Eurasia a pau mai ka ʻAkelanika a ma ka hikina a hiki i ka muliwai ʻo Ob a me nā awāwa o kāna mau kahawai. I ka hema, moe ka pae ma waena o ke Kaiwaenahonua a hiki i ʻAkau ʻApelika.
Ua hoʻāʻo nā ʻepekema e hoʻokau i kēia mau manu ʻono i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua, ʻo ia hoʻi, lawe ʻia mai i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAukekulia. Akā ʻaʻole kūleʻa nui kēlā hoʻokolohua.
Hiki i kēia mau mea lele ke hele i ka neʻe a me ka noho. Aia ia i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke aniau i ka panalāʻau a lākou e noho ai. ʻO nā mea maʻamau i ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa, no ka laʻana, neʻe maʻamau i Caucasus a i ʻole ʻApelika i ka wā hau.
Akā ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou i ke anuanu, hele lākou i nā huakaʻi i ka hopena o ke kau, a lele hoʻi i ka wā he hau. A ʻo ka poʻe ʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole lākou e lele i nā kau kau.
Nā kipi āna i makemake ai robin manu, ke koho ʻana no ko lākou wahi e noho ai, he mau palena nāhelehele a me nā aniani, ka ulu hohonu, nā ulu lāʻau momona, a me nā māla a me nā pāka.
ʻO ka mea nui aia he wai kokoke i ka pūnaewele. ʻAʻole hoʻohilahila ka pilina o ka poʻe o kēia mau mea ʻēheu. I kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo nā pōpoki e hele wāwae ana ma kahi o kahi e noho ai ke kanaka, i kekahi mau ʻano ʻīlio, hiki ke hoʻokau i kahi makaʻu nui i kēlā mau birdies.
I ka nahele, hiki i nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio ʻino, nā manu lele ke hana i nā pilikia nui na lākou. Luku pinepine lākou i ko lākou pūnana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ferret, sable a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana weasel i manaʻo ʻia he ʻenemi.
ʻAʻole kamaʻilio pū ʻo Robins ma waena o lākou iho. He poʻe loner lākou ma ke ʻano, a no laila ke ola nei no ka hapa nui me ka ʻole o ka hui. Eia nō naʻe, e pili ana i ko lākou ʻohana ponoʻī, hana lākou me ka maluhia.
Akā mālama ʻia nā manu ʻē aʻe me ke akahele, ka hilinaʻi ʻole a me ka inaina, a hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻomaka i kahi hakakā, ke pale ʻana i ka ʻāina i noho ʻia a lanakila hou i ko lākou mau pono. ʻO nā mea hoʻomake nui, nā mea aloha i nā hakakā a me nā showdowns he kāne.
A no laila, inā hoʻomaka kekahi o kēia mau manu i ka hakakā, a laila, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō kēia robin kāne... ʻO kā lākou mau wahine e hoʻomanawanui a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi. ʻO ia mau manu no ka hapanui e pili ana i nā kānaka me ka hilinaʻi.
A ʻo kā lākou aloha, kala helehelena a me ka leo leʻaleʻa i lilo i kumu no ka poʻe aloha melebird e mālama i nā holoholona hoʻonaninani like ʻole ma ka home. ʻOluʻolu nā manu e noho i nā hīnaʻi. ʻO kēia wale nō ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanu ʻana ma laila ma kahi kaʻawale. Inā ʻole, ʻoi aku ma waena o nā hoanoho kāne, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā hakakā a me nā hakakā.
ʻAiʻai Pono
Kūlike mau kēia mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana flycatcher me ke kūlana i hōʻike ʻia. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻike ʻia nā robins ma ke ʻano he insectivores. Ma waho aʻe o nā nalo a me nā makika, i waenakonu o ke kauwela pōmaikaʻi, huli lākou me ka luhi ʻole no ka nui o nā beetle liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kolo, nā punawelewele, nā ʻenuhe, nā moena moe, a me ka hauʻoli e ʻai ai i nā nīnū a me nā ʻenuheu.
No ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pio, ʻaʻole pono nā manu i kēlā me kēia hui, a no laila e ʻimi, ʻoiai lākou e ola nei. Kūpono loa nā meaʻai waiwai protein i nā manu. Akā ʻaʻole loaʻa kēlā mau meaʻai holoholona i nā manawa āpau.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ke hala koke nā lā momona a me nā lā mahana, pilikia nā robins me ka protein protein. No laila, i ka hāʻule, koi lākou e ʻai i nā hua, nona ka nui nui i nā ulu lāʻau, a me nā ʻanoʻano.
Inā ʻaʻole haʻalele nā manu i ko lākou ʻāina ʻōiwi no ka hoʻoilo, a laila ʻoliʻoli lākou i ka ʻai ʻana mai nā mea hānai a nā kānaka e kūkulu ai i kahi manawa paʻakikī no nā manu. He paʻakikī hoʻi lākou i ka wā mua o ka puna, a hiki i ke ola ʻana o ka wā maʻamau o ke aupuni insect. Akā hoʻomaka koke ka lokomaikaʻi hou no nā birdie.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Nā punana Robin maʻamau haʻahaʻa. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i ka papa haʻahaʻa o ka nahele i kapa ʻia: ma nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau a ma lalo o nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, a ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma ka honua wale nō, i nā lua liʻiliʻi, nā lua a me nā kaumaha maoli. No ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi noho o nā moa, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea maʻamau a me nā mea unpretentious: mauʻu, fluff, lau.
A hoʻomaka nā mea āpau i ka wā puna, ke hoʻi mai nā kāne mai ka ʻauana o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO kā lākou hana kūlohelohe e komo pū ana: ka noho ʻana a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā wahi noho a me nā pūnana kahiko, inā kūpono lākou no ka ʻai ʻana.
Ua hōʻea kā lākou mau ipo wahine ma hope, ke pau nei ke kaua a me ka showdown. I kēlā manawa, ʻike ʻia ka meaʻai i ka nui o ka nui. No laila ua hiki mai ka manawa e mālama ai i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.
Nā hua moa Robin i ke kala ua hui ʻia lākou me nā mea kanu maloʻo a me nā pua ʻōpio. Mālamalama lākou, i kekahi manawa ʻulaʻula iki, me nā kikoʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka paʻa ʻana o kēia mau manu, i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o Mei, e kūʻē ana i kahi kūlohelohe, a lilo i mea ʻole no nā maka aloha ʻole.
ʻO ka maʻamau aia ma kahi o ʻewalu mau hua, a ʻo ko lākou manawa hoʻoulu ka lōʻihi o ka hapalua mahina. I nā lā mua ma hope o ke ʻano o ke keiki, koi ʻia nā robins mākua e pumehana i nā moa ʻōlohelohe a nāwaliwali me ko lākou mau kino. ʻO ka hatch hope loa me ka ʻili ʻeleʻele, uhi ʻia me ka fluff rare, a ʻike ʻole ʻia hoʻi i ke kumu o ka honua, nā lālā a me nā lau nahele i pala ma hope o ka hāʻule.
Robin wahine - ka makuahine ʻoluʻolu, akahai a mālama hoʻi. Kūleʻa ʻo ia me nā kuleana o ka hānai ʻana a hānai ʻana i nā keiki. Hāʻawi ʻia me kahi ʻano mākua kupaianaha, mākaukau ʻo ia e pumehana a hānai maoli i kēlā me kēia moa o ka honua.
Akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia e nā manu parasite, no ka laʻana, cuckoos. Hoʻolei lākou e hoʻolei i kā lākou pōpō i nā robo unsuspecting, naive a me ka mālama. A no laila, pinepine mai nā pūnana o kēia mau manu, me ka hū o kā lākou mau keiki ponoʻī, holo ka cuckoo o nā cucko vor vorvous.
Ulu wikiwiki nā pēpē Robin, maoli i loko o ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. A loaʻa ka manawa i ko lākou mau mākua e hana i kahi paʻa hou, i hana ʻia i kekahi mau hihia.
I ka manawa e haʻalele ai ka pēpē fluffy i ka pūnana, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kapa ʻia he kūʻokoʻa. He kōkua ʻole lākou a ʻaʻole hiki ke lele. A no laila, ʻo ke kala keʻokeʻo kūikawā o kā lākou hulu ulu ulu o ka malu o nā lau maloʻo a me nā lālā ulu lāʻau (ʻaʻole like me nā manu makua) he mea maikaʻi loa ia no lākou, no ka mea ma muli o kēia hopena, hiki iā lākou ke hui pū me ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ke ola o nā robins, e like me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, pōkole - ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki. Akā ʻo kēia wale nō no ka kiʻekiʻe o ka make ma waena o nā moa. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia i ka manawa i ola ai kēlā mau manu a hiki i ka 12 mau makahiki. Akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā manu tame caged no ka mālama kanaka.
