I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kiʻi ʻia ka ʻike i loko o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka poʻe lawaiʻa amatir i kahi iʻa 53 cm ka lōʻihi a me 1.5 kg ka lōʻihi kokoke i ke kauhale o Yamnoye, a kuhi hewa ʻia no kahi vobla nui. Ua hana ʻia ma ke kahawai Churka o ka muliwai Volga. Ua hāʻawi aku nā lawaiʻa i lunamakaʻāinana kaulana ʻole o ka honua wai i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Astrakhan o Local Lore.
Ma laila i ʻike ʻia he kutum iʻa waiwai nui laha ʻole ia, i ka 90s o ke kenekulia i hala i hana nalo ai mai ke kahawai Caspian. No kekahi mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia laʻana o ka carp, kahi mea ʻai punahele ma Dagestan, ʻAzerbaijan a me ʻIrana, i nā lawaiʻa, a ua helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ke kutum. Ua kōkua nā ana i ka hoʻomaka o kona ola ʻana. A i kēia manawa ke komo nui nei ʻo kutum i kona wahi maoli, ʻo ia ka moku ʻo Volga-Caspian. He aha ke ʻano o ka iʻa a pehea kona waiwai, e haʻi hou aku mākou iā ʻoe.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO Kutum kahi iʻa kāpena semi-anadromous, kahi ʻano o ka moa. Ma ka laulaha, mai nā ʻōlelo kahiko o ka hui Persian "kutum" i unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "poʻo". A i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka kutum, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka carp e pili ana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke poʻo i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kaulike o ke kino.
He kua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo kona, ʻaoʻao ʻāhinahina-silvery a me kahi ʻōpū māmā. ʻO ka fin dorsal he trapezoidal, ʻeleʻele i ke kala, a ʻo ka huelo, kahi e ʻoki pono ʻia e ka leka "V". Mālamalama ke koena o nā lau. Hoʻopili iki ʻia ka laina dorsal me kahi puʻu liʻiliʻi.
A pololei a kuʻi ka laina o ka ʻōpū i ka iwi ā lalo. He ʻano hoʻowahāwahā kā ka iʻa, no ka mea, hāpai iki ʻia ka iwi ā lalo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka iwi ā luna e ka hopena ʻōpala. Hoʻohuli ia i kahi waha a puni.
Kūlou iki nā maka liʻiliʻi, palena ʻia e nā apo o ka malu pearlescent. Ulu nui nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka ʻeke ʻauʻau i nā iʻa he nui, elongated kona ʻano a kuhikuhi i ka hopena. A he unahi unahi a pinepine hoʻi ko mākou meʻe.
ʻO Kutum i ke kiʻi ke nānā aku e like me kahi kī kī kala nui loa no ka hōʻailona zodiac Pisces. He lokomaikaʻi ʻo ia, nā mea āpau i nā unahi nui, kahi kino lōʻihi, kahi huelo kālai. Kūpono loa ia no kahi hoʻohanohano laʻana.
ʻO kaʻiʻo Kutum a me ka caviar i manaʻo ʻia he waiwai nui. Loaʻa iā lākou ka nui o nā protein, nā kumuwaiwai a me nā waikawa polyunsaturated, i mea nui no nā kānaka a maʻalahi hikiwawe. Loaʻa iā lākou i ka nui o nā wikamina o nā hui B, A, E a me D. Eia kekahi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻiʻo jerky, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi sethes unshes o kēia mau mea pono āpau, kahi nalo iki i ka hana wela.
He ʻiʻo kalepona kiʻekiʻe ʻo Kutum me kahi ʻono momona, me ka ʻaʻala ʻole, e hoʻomanaʻo mai nei i ka lokomaikaʻi o ke ʻano hema i hāʻawi iā mākou i kēia ʻāpana o ka leʻaleʻa lani. I kekahi manawa, ua hoʻouna aku nā ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha mai Dagestan i nā ʻāpana me ka kutum maloʻo i ke kikowaena o Lūkia, kahi i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono a ʻaʻole i hōʻino i ka wā o ka hoʻouna.
Nā ʻano
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Kutum kahi ʻano o ka carp e noho ana i ke kai ʻEleʻele-Azov. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻoki i ka nui, ʻo kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 75 cm, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 5-7 kg. Pili ko lākou ʻokoʻa i ke ala o ka hānau ʻana.
Hānau ʻo Kutum i nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma nā wahi pāpaʻu, a me ka carp - ma nā pōhaku a me nā ʻiliʻili wale nō i nā kahawai kahe wikiwiki. ʻOi aku nā unahi o ke kutum ma mua o nā koʻa. Eia nō naʻe, hewa ʻole inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e haʻi hou i kahi ʻohana ʻē aʻe o ka Kutum - voble. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ma mua o ke kāhea ʻia ʻana o Kutum "ka mōʻī-vobla".
Manaʻo ʻia inā ua hopu ʻoe iā ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻokuʻu, inā ʻaʻole ʻaʻa lawaiʻa. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka vobla, ka iʻa Astrakhan kaulana. I nā ʻano waiwai a me nā waiwai no nā kamaʻāina kūloko, ʻano like ia me kahi kutum no Dagestan. A ma waho he like loa lākou, ʻelua mai ka ʻohana carp.
A ʻelua mau ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka chub, ʻo Azerbaijani roach a me shemay (shamayk). ʻO lākou a pau o ka ʻohana carp a ʻono loa. He hoahānau ko kēlā me kēia mea i ka ʻumeke. Ua kuhihewa ko mākou meʻe no nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia mau iʻa ke hoʻomaka ʻo ia e komo i nā kahawai ma hope o kahi hoʻomaha lōʻihi.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ka loaʻa pinepine o nā ʻano kamaʻāina i nā ʻano kamaʻāina; ua koho lākou i hoʻokahi ʻano loko iʻa no ko lākou wahi noho a me nā ʻano ola āpau. A ʻo ka kutum a me ka carp he iʻa anadromous, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻolilo lākou i ka hapa o ko lākou ola i ke kai, a hapa i nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i ka nohona, morphology a me ka spawning mai kēia. ʻOiai i ka meaʻai. Hiki i kēlā me kēia iʻa i luna ke ʻahaʻaina i kahi rana liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ʻo Kutum. He picky ʻo ia e like me ka aristocrat.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
No nā lawaiʻa paha mai Siberia a i ʻole ka North North, ʻaʻole e haʻi iki ka inoa o kēia iʻa. Ma hope o nā mea āpau kutum - iʻa o ke kai Caspian, aia kona ʻāina hānau. ʻIke ʻia i ka waha o nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o kēia kai.
Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia ka palena ʻākau o kona wahi maoli, a ʻo ka mea i komo i aneʻi e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kona kūleʻa. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana, komo nā pahu nui he nui o nā tona i Sulak. ʻAʻole lōʻihi kēia i kaulana ai. Hoʻohui ka poʻe he nui i ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o kēia iʻa i ke kūlohelohe a me ke kaona i kūkulu ʻia i nā ʻāina e manaʻo nei he kiʻi - Iran, Azerbaijan a me Dagestan.
Paʻa ʻo Kutum, neʻe ʻo ia ma ke kai holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hopena wale nō ka mea nui ʻole o ka hānau hānai. ʻO ka iʻa o Dagestan kutum lawe mai ma kahi o 2 miliona mau pā i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Akā ke hoʻonui nei ka huahana o ka hana maoli ʻana, a i ka huina hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ke kūlana.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana e nā ʻano aniau a me ka pae o ka wai i nā kahawai. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, noho ke kutum i ke kai, pili i ka hohonu o 20 m, e neʻe ana i kekahi manawa i kahakai a i nā waha o ka muliwai.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO ka meaʻai nui ka molluscs, nā ʻeleka, nā crustacea a me nā ilo. Hele ʻo ia i ka huli holoholona i ke ahiahi a i ʻole i ke kakahiaka nui. Nānā pono ʻo ia me ka nānā pono i loko o ka wai e hoʻopuni ana, e hoʻāʻo nei e ʻike i ka weliweli i ka manawa. ʻO kāna ʻimi iho e like me ka leʻaleʻa loa.
Pono pono e hopu i kahi ʻōpelu nimble a i ʻole amphipod, a i ka manawa like, ʻo kēlā me kēia neʻe ma luna o ka wai e hoʻokau i ka iʻa e peʻe koke. Hōʻike kēia i ka nimble a me ka nimble o kā mākou hahai holoholona. ʻAʻole kahi kanaka ʻoluʻolu nāna e hāmama kona waha a kali no ka ʻauʻau o kahi mea hiki ke loaʻa. He haʻuki maoli ia ma aneʻi.
Loaʻa ʻo Kutum i ke kai kahakai i ka paʻakai o ke kai, ʻo ka hapa nui o kona ola i hala ma aneʻi, hopu ʻo ia i nā crustacea kai a me nā mea kolo ma laila, akā ʻau pinepine e ʻimi i nā waha o nā kahawai. I kēia manawa, lilo ʻo ia i waiwai pio na ka lawaiʻa kūleʻa. Hele pū ʻo ia e hānai i loko o ka wai hou.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Mākaukau e hānai ke hōʻea i ka piha ʻana o 3-4 mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, aia kona kaupaona ma kahi o 600 g, a ʻo kona nui ma kahi o 28 knm. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hanana nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana ʻana o nā keiki, uhi ʻia ke kāne me nā puʻupuʻu o kahi malu metallic, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻoulu ai i ka ipo wahine e hoʻolei i nā hua hou aʻe.
Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu aku. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua ma nā wahi pāpaʻu me kahi au nāwaliwali. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole mahana ka wai ma mua o 8 ºC. Momona loa ka iʻa, ka helu o nā hua ma ka awelika ma kahi o 28-40 tausani. He ʻano ʻokoʻa kā Kutum a me ka carp i ka lawena larval a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua.
I ka lunamakaʻāinana mua, hoʻopili ka larva i ka mauʻu i nā wahi noho mālie, kahi e lawe ai ke au iā lākou, me nā antennae kūikawā. Hoʻolālā ia ma laila no kekahi manawa. Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻōpio i noho i ka muliwai no 2 mau makahiki. A laila hele ka iʻa ʻōpio i ke kai a noho ma laila a hiki i ko lākou manawa e ʻōhū ai. E ola ana ma kahi o 11 mau makahiki, ulu i kona ola āpau, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 66 cm a me ke kaumaha o 4 kg.
Hopu
Pono e hopu ʻia i ke kai Caspian, ma ke kahawai ʻo Dniester, Terek a me Bug. A ma Azerbaijan hoʻi, Iran a me Dagestan. I Rūkia Waena, he kākaʻikahi loa ia. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka kutum i ka wā o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana. Hoʻomaka ka iʻa lawe lima i ko lākou neʻe mai ke kahakai hema o ke kai Caspian. Ke neʻe nei i ke kula, hele lākou i ke kūkulu ʻākau i nā kahawai o ke kai Caspian.
E ʻoi aku ka holomua o ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ke kai ma nā wahi pōhaku, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka kutum e noho kokoke i nā pōhaku. E nānā i ka ʻaoʻao o ka makani, pili i kāu lawaiʻa. ʻO ka makani maʻalahi ka mea kūpono loa. Kūʻai i nā kapa o lalo a me kahi koʻokoʻo wili paʻa. Pono ʻoe e hoʻolako i nā kēpau, koʻokoʻo ikaika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻohe, kahi o nā lou a me ka ʻupena no ka ʻōpae lawaiʻa.
E hoʻolālā i kāu huakaʻi lawaiʻa kahawai i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi paha. I ke ao, ʻaʻole ʻauʻau ka Kutum i kahi mamao e loaʻa ai, makaʻu ʻo ia a makaʻala. A i nā hola ahiahi, piʻi ʻo ia mai ka hohonu e alualu. E hoʻāʻo e hana ʻole i ka walaʻau, ka wai pīpī, hoʻoluli i nā mea nui, a i ʻole ka uahi. E lili paha kekahi ʻīlio i kona ʻano a me kona ʻala. Ke honi ʻo ia i ka weliweli - kākau i ka ʻōpala. Haʻalele ʻo Kutum, a no kahi manawa lōʻihi ʻaʻole e hōʻike ʻia ma aneʻi.
ʻO nā nīnū a me nā ʻōpala nā maunu ʻoi loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he aha e lawaiʻa ai i ka kutumʻimi mau ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo aʻo mai nā lawaiʻa kūloko. Hana ʻia ua maʻa ka iʻa ma laila i ke kō, a i nā ʻāpana o ka berena kālika, a me ka tī. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i nā ʻāpana o ka palaoa ʻono, ka popo a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo pūpū e like me ka maunu.
He mea pono ke hoʻomanaʻo ʻana aia he mau wā ke hopu kutum pāpā ʻia. E nānā pono i mua inā aia kahi manawa lawaiʻa no kutum, inā paha e hiki ke hopu iā ia i loko o ke kahawai āu e hele nei, a he aha ka mea i ʻae ʻia i kēlā mau wahi.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- He iʻa capricious ʻo Kutum. Inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i māʻona i kekahi o nā kūlana āna e koi ai i ka wā o ka hemo ʻana, huli ke kutum a hoʻi i ke kai. ʻO nā mālama caviar i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e waiho ʻole i ka lako ʻole a hoʻoheheʻe iā ia iho.
- paʻakikī ka hopu ʻana i ka kutum e nā kānāwai. Pono mau e wehewehe i nā palapala e pono ai. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻōki i nā mea ʻaihue, loaʻa lākou i ka nui.
- He ʻāpana o nā hua manu ka kutum wahine, a "oʻo" nā kāne no kekahi mau lā. No laila, me ka hoʻoulu hānai, hiki ke hoʻohana i hoʻokahi kāne no ka hoʻoulu ʻana 2-3 mau manawa.
- Ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kēlā iʻa ʻono a olakino hoʻi, hiki ʻole ke hāmau e pili ana i nā meaʻai no kāna hoʻomākaukau. ʻOiai ʻo kahi kuke novice hiki ke hana iā Kutum i ka umu. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke kupapaʻu iʻa, holoi ʻia, ʻoki ʻia ma luna ona, kahi e hānai ʻia ai ka wai lemon.
Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻonā ʻana i nā iwi lehulehu i ka maikaʻi ke kuke ʻana. A laila paʻakai liʻiliʻi ka iʻa a me ka pepa mai loko mai, kau i ka pepa foil, ma luna o nā apo onion, nā ʻāmato, nā greens liʻiliʻi, kālika, kāpīpī me ka aila, wahī ʻia i loko o ka pepa - a i ka umu no 1 hola ma 180 ° C.
- Kekahi meaʻai na ka lawaiʻa Caspian. Ma ke ala, ʻo ka mea ʻaʻohe ona kutum ma ka lima, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka carp. Peel ʻelua mau iʻa hou waena, ʻōpū, holoi, kāpī i ka paʻakai a me ka pepa i loko. Fry onion ring in ghee, hoʻohui i nā hua kukui, nā hua puaʻa a me nā ʻīlio ʻīlio (cherry plum, plum a i ʻole grated sour apple).
Hoʻohui mākou i nā mea āpau, loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻiʻo minced. Hoʻomaka mākou i kā mākou iʻa. E kau i kahi pepa bakena i hamo ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻōpū me kahi niho niho. ʻO ka paʻakai liʻiliʻi ma luna a ninini me nā aila onion i koe. Hoʻomoʻa no hoʻokahi hola i ka umu ma 170-180 ° C. ʻO kēia ipu e like me ka meaʻai kuʻuna kuʻuna "Balig Lyavangi".
