ʻO nā hipa he mau māmela ruminant no ka ʻohana bovid. ʻO nā kao a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe he nui o ke kauoha artiodactyl i hoʻonohonoho ʻia iā ia. ʻO nā kūpuna o nā hipa he ʻauhau hihiu a me nā mouflons ʻAsiatic, i mālama ʻia e nā kānaka ʻehiku tausani makahiki i hala.
I ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana o ka archaeological i ka panalāʻau o Asia i kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ke koena o nā mea hale a me nā lole i hana ʻia i ka hulu hipa huluhulu, mai ka makahiki ʻeiwa o ka makahiki BC. Aia nā kiʻi o nā hipa kūloko ma nā kia hoʻomanaʻo like ʻole o ka moʻomeheu prehistoric a me ka hoʻolālā, e hōʻoia ana i ke kaulana nui o nā hipa hipa, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i emi i kēia lā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho o ka hipa merino
Merino - Hipa, i kū pololei a hiki i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu i hānai ʻia e nā Sepania. Ua hānai ʻia lākou ma kahi o hoʻokahi tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei mai nā ʻano huluhulu hipa maikaʻi, a mai ia manawa ua pale aku nā kamaʻāina o ka Iberian Peninsula i kā lākou koho i koho ʻia i ka hana o ka hipa hānai.
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo e lawe i nā holoholona o kēia ʻano hānai i kāʻili ʻino ʻia a ma ka hapanui o nā hihia i hoʻopau ʻia me ka hoʻopaʻi make no nā mea hoʻonohonoho o ka hopu. Ma hope wale nō o ka lilo ʻana o ke aupuni Sepania i ke kaua me ʻEnelani, ua lawe ʻia ka merino mai waho o ka ʻāina a pāhola ʻia i loko o ʻEulopa, e hoʻonui ana i nā ʻano hānau ʻē aʻe, e like me ke koho balota, Infantado, Negretti, Mazayev, New Caucasian a me Rambouillet.
Inā ʻaʻole hoʻolaha ākea nā ʻano mua ʻekolu ma muli o ka nui o ka hoʻomāhuahua ʻia o nā holoholona, me ka nāwaliwali o ka palekana a hāʻawi i kahi hulu hipa (mai 1 a 4 kg i kēlā me kēia makahiki), a laila lawe mai nā hipa hānau Mazayev mai 6 a 15 kg o ka hulu hipa maikaʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Soviet merino Ua lilo ia ma muli o ke keʻa o nā holoholona o ka lāhui New Caucasian, hānai ʻia e ka mea ʻepekema-zoologist kaulana P.N. Kuleshov, me ka rambouille Farani. I kēia lā, ʻo kēia mau hipa hulu hipa maikaʻi kekahi o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia i kaʻiʻo a me ka hipa hipa hānai o ka moku Volga, nā Ural, Siberia a me nā wahi waena o Rūsia.
Hiki ke kaumaha o nā hipa kāne makua i 120 kg, ke kaumaha o nā mōʻī wahine mai 49 a 60 kg. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā kiʻi o merino i mea e loaʻa ai kahi manaʻo ʻike o nā offshoots lehulehu o ka laha.Huluhulu Merino maʻamau he keʻokeʻo kona kala, aia kona lōʻihi ma waena o 7-8.5 knm i loko o nā mōʻī wahine a hiki i 9 kenimika i nā hipa kāne.
ʻO ka fiber iho lahilahi (ma kahi o ʻelima mau manawa ʻoi aku ka lahilahi ma mua o ka lauoho o ke kanaka), ʻoi aku, hiki ke mālama pono i ka wela a pale i ka ʻili o ka holoholona mai ka makū, ka hau a me nā makani ikaika.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka hulu hipa merino ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia e komo i ka pilau o ka hou. ʻO ia ke kumu i koi nui ʻia ai nā lole i hana ʻia mai kēia puluniu kūlohelohe ma aneane o nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua.
I kēia lā, merino ka mea maʻamau a puni ka honua. Kūleʻa lākou i nā hānai like ʻole, hiki ke hana me ka nui o ka wai, a ʻo ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o nā holoholona i ʻoi aku ka nui no nā hoʻololi lōʻihi mai kēlā me kēia wahi i kahi ʻē aʻe.
Ma muli o ke kūlana kūikawā o nā ā a me nā niho, ʻū nā hipa i nā koʻokoʻo ma lalo o ke aʻa. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke hānai no ka manawa lōʻihi i nā wahi i luku ʻia e nā lio a me nā bipi wahine.
Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻāina kahi maʻamau ʻole ka merino: he mau ʻāpana wela kēia me nā wai kiʻekiʻe, kahi e ʻāpono ʻole ai nā hipa. Merino Australia - kahi ʻano hipa i hānai pololei ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻAkelanika mai ka rambouille Farani huluhulu maikaʻi a me ʻAmelike Vermont.
I kēia manawa aia kekahi mau ʻano laha, ʻokoʻa i waena o lākou e ka ʻaoʻao a me ka maikaʻi o ka hulu hipa: "Fine", "Medium" a me "Strong". ʻO ka hulu hipa o nā holoholona e ʻānai ana i nā kula maʻemaʻe a me nā awāwa o ʻAukekulelia he mea waiwai i kapa ʻia ʻo lanolin.
Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano anti-inflammatory kūikawā a me ka hiki ke kaua i nā bacteria a me nā microorganism ʻino. Mīkini Merino maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana i nā mea nani a hāmama hoʻi, a me nā sweater pumehana nui.
No ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai o kēia lā, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i ka hoʻohuihui me ka siliki maoli a cashmere paha. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā ʻano wili e ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka palupalu a me ka lahilahi.
Merino pumehana lalo lole he huahana kūikawā ʻaʻole ia e pale pono i ke anuanu a me ke kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ka fiber mai ka hulu hipa merino he hygroscopic), akā kōkua pū kekahi me ia ʻano maʻi e like me ka osteochondrosis, ka rumatika, nā ʻano maʻi orthopedic a me nā bronchopulmonary.
Hoʻokumu ʻia hōʻike manaʻo e pili ana i merino (ʻoi aku ka pololei, e pili ana i ka hulu hipa o kēia mau holoholona), nā huahana i hana ʻia mai ia mea hiki ke hōʻemi i nā ʻōuli o ka bronchitis mau, ka puʻu a me nā pilikia olakino like i ka lā ʻelua o ke komo ʻana i nā lole i hana ʻia mai nā olonā maoli. Mākeke Merino ʻaʻole ia e hopena i nā hopena maʻi, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe o ke koko a komo i nā ʻaʻala maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka māhuahua nui i nā olonā o ka huahana, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, evaporates koke ia. Nā kapeta Merino pipiʻi loa ia, akā ʻo ko lākou kūpaʻa a me nā helehelena kupaianaha no ka helu kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ia huahana.
Nīnau ka poʻe he nui iā lākou iho i nā huahana e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi - mai ka hulu hipa merino a i ʻole alpaca? He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka lanolin ʻokoʻa i ka mea hope, akā manaʻo ʻia he kūpono loa no nā keiki hānau hou a me nā pēpē.
Ke ʻano a me ka nohona o ka hipa merino
No kēlā poʻe i hoʻoholo e kūʻai i ka merino, he mea kūpono ia e ʻike e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau holoholona. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā holoholona holoholona, paʻakikī ka hipa, hūpō a makaʻu hoʻi.
Hoʻomohala ʻia kā lākou ʻano holoholona ma kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo ia hoʻi i loko o kahi ʻāpana nui o merino manaʻo lākou ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻokahi. Inā hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi hipa mai ke koena o ka ʻohana, hana ia i ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi iā ia me nā hopena e hiki mai ana i ke ʻano o ka nele i ka makemake, lethargy a me nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe.
Hipa Merino makemake lākou e huddle i nā puʻu nunui a hele kekahi ma hope o kekahi, ʻo ia ka mea e hana pinepine ai i nā pilikia i ka wā e hānai ai nā kahu hipa ʻike. Eia hou, hilahila loa nā holoholona: makaʻu lākou i nā leo nui, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka wahi a me ka pouli, a inā he wahi makaʻu iki, hiki iā lākou ke holo.
I mea e kū ai i kahi kau o nā kaukani he nui, ua hele nā kahu hipa i kahi maʻa: ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka holoholona e kū i ke kūlana alakaʻi i ka ʻohana, hoʻoikaika lākou i nā hipa ʻē aʻe e neʻe i ke ala i koi ʻia.
Mea ʻai
I loko o nā mahina mehana, pono ka papaʻai o merino i ka mauʻu hou, nā lau a me nā greens ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka mauʻu, paʻakai pōhaku, nā ʻoma a me nā kāloti i ka papa kuhikuhi. I ke kau anuanu, pono e hānai i ka merino me nā ʻoka, ka bale, ka palaoa pī, bran, nā hānai pūhui a me nā mea kanu like ʻole. Paipai ʻia e hoʻohui i nā ʻano wikamina a me nā mineral.
Hoʻohua a me ke ola o kahi hipa merino
Mākaukau nā wahine Merino no ka hānau ʻana i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki. Hāpai ka hāpai a 22 mau pule, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana he ʻelua a ʻekolu mau keiki hipa, a ma hope o 15 mau minuke e omo i ka omo waiū, a ma hope o ka hapalua hola kū lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae.
I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka laha, i kēia lā pinepine ka poʻe lūlū i ka insemination ʻimi hoʻopunipuni. ʻO ke ola ola o merino i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe o nā kuahiwi o Australia hiki i 14 mau makahiki. Ke mālama ʻia ma kahi mahiʻai, ʻo ka awelika o ke ola o kēia mau hipa mai 6 a 7 mau makahiki.
