E noho ana ma kahakai ponoʻī mano manō - kahi mea weliweli weliweli a me ka voracious, kahi e pili ana i ka hapa nui o ka hoʻouka kaua i ka poʻe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nui ʻo ia, akā ikaika, a paʻakikī e hakakā aku iā ia, no laila, ʻo ka mea koe wale nō e hōʻalo i nā hālāwai. ʻAe maikaʻi nā manō Blunt i ke pio ʻana a mālama pinepine ʻia i loko.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Manō ʻōpala
ʻO ka manō kahiko loa i noho ma ka honua i nā wā kahiko loa - ma ka Devony luna. He hibodus lākou, a ua like lākou me ka manō, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hōʻike pololei ʻia inā pili pili i ka evolution. I kēlā mau lā, ulu wikiwiki ka helu o nā moʻomeheu a me nā laha o ka manō Paleozoic, akā pau nā mea āpau me ka luku ʻia o ka hapa nui i ka wā Permian.
I ke au Mesozoic, ua ʻike ʻia nā manō hou o mua: ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Elasmorachians i mau manō a me nā kukuna. ʻO ka vertebrae i nā iwi o ka manō i helu ʻia, kahi i hoʻoikaika ai a kōkua i ke ola ʻana i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe (ʻae ʻia kēia e neʻe i kekahi ʻano manō i nā hohonu), e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau mea ʻeleu a ʻino hoʻi.
Video: Mōʻī Blunt
Ua ulu ka lolo, ma ke kumu kūʻai o nā wahi sensory - a laila loaʻa ka manō i ko lākou ʻano pilau, i hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike i kahi kulu o ke koko no mau mile. Ua hoʻololi ka iwi ā, i hiki ai ke hā ākea ka waha. I loko o kahi huaʻōlelo - ua like like lākou me kēlā mau manō a mākou i ʻike ai, ʻoiai i nā lā o nā dinosaurs.
I ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana nui o nā kauoha hou, i ke ʻano hoʻi, nā karharin-like, kahi nona ka manō ihu kūmū. Pili ia i ka ʻohana a me ke ʻano o ka manō hina: i ka nui he 32 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia i loko ona, a ʻo kekahi o lākou ka manō ʻōpō. Ua hana ʻia kāna wehewehe ʻepekema e Müller lāua ʻo Henle ma 1839, ka inoa kikoʻī ma ka Lākina ʻo Carcharhinus leucas.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Ma muli o ka nele o kahi ʻauʻau, pono e neʻe nā manō i nā manawa āpau, a nui ka ikaika. Pono pono ia e hoʻopihapiha mau i ke kumu o ko lākou makemake, akā ʻokoʻa, ʻike lākou i ka mālama kālā - no kēia mea ua kāpae lākou i nā ʻāpana o ka lolo i noi ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Mōʻī puʻupuʻu Bull
Elongated ke kino, fusiform. Hinahina ke kala: he kua ʻeleʻele ke kua, a ʻoi aku ka pouli o nā hika, a māmā ka ʻōpū. I loko o ka wai, kū iki kēlā manō, no laila hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia ma kahi mamao loa, keu hoʻi inā ʻōpua ka wai. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka ikaika o ke kala, e hoʻololi ana i ka mālamalama: māmā i ka lā, ʻeleʻele i ka wā ahiahi.
Ma waho, ʻike nui ʻia lākou e ke ʻano o ke poʻo: ʻaʻole kuhi ʻia a ʻano ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka nui o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, no laila he maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia. Hāʻawi ka snout pālaha i ka maneuverability ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
He huinakolu nā niho, serrated nā ʻaoʻao. Aia lākou i nā lālani he nui, a i ka hāʻule ʻana o kahi niho o mua, neʻe ka mea aʻe i kona wahi. Ulu wale nā mea hou i ka lālani hope loa, a hana kēia i nā manawa āpau: pono i kahi manō e hoʻololi iā lākou i nā manawa he nui i kona ola.
He mea mana loa nā iwi ā, kaomi lākou me ka ikaika o 600 kilokilo, a paʻa pono nā niho i ka mea pio. Inā komo kekahi i loko o lākou, a laila e paʻakikī loa ka haʻalele ʻana i ke ola. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi membrane blinking i nā maka. Hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe e ka ʻokoʻa ma ka nui: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a kaupaona hou aku, ʻoiai ua liʻiliʻi ka ʻokoʻa, ma kahi o 15%.
Aia nā lua o ka dorsal, kahi nui ma mua a me ka mea liʻiliʻi ma hope. Lōʻihi ka fin caudal. Hiki i ka manō blunt ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka wikiwiki o nā manō kūpona i ka wikiwiki nui a me ka maneuverability.
ʻO 2-3 mau mika ka lōʻihi a he 120-230 kilokilo ke kaupaona. Kū aʻe lākou i nā 4 mika a me 350 kilokilo. Hoʻoweliweli loa ia ʻano mea no nā kānaka: inā ʻaʻole nānā ka mea nui wai nui i nā kānaka āpau, a laila wikiwiki loa a kūpikipiki nā manō o kēia nui, a hiki ke huli pono iā lākou.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manō kūpilikiʻi?
Kiʻi: Mano kūmū i ka wai
Noho ma kahi kokoke i nā kapakai a me nā waha o nā kahawai - eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i luna ma ke kahawai o kekahi mau kahawai nui, a loaʻa he mau kaukani kilomita mai ka waha. Hiki kēia no ka mea ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia nā manō blunt i ke ola i ka paʻakai a me ka wai hou - no laila loaʻa lākou i kekahi mau loko.
Pono lākou i ka paʻakai, akā hiki i kā lākou gland rectal a me nā gills ke hōʻiliʻili i kēia paʻakai, a hoʻokuʻu iā ia i nā manawa kūpono - mahalo i kēia, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i kahi pilikia i ka wai hou, akā inā pili ka waihona i ke kai, e like me Lake Nicaragua.
Hiki ke loaʻa ka manō kūpulu maʻamau.
- mai ke kapakai hikina o ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema;
- komohana o ʻApelika;
- ma kahakai komohana o India;
- ma ke awawa Peresia;
- i ke kai o Asia Hikina;
- mai ke kapakai komohana a me ka akau o Australia;
- i Oceania;
- i ka Caribbean;
- i nā kahawai nui - Amazon, Ganges, Misisipi;
- ma Lake Nikaragua.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ākea loa ka nohona. ʻO kēia nā kahakai nui, nā pūʻulu mokupuni a me nā kahawai nui. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia e ʻau mamao i ke kai ākea a noho mau i loko o hoʻokahi kilomita mai ke kahakai - ʻo kēia ka mea e makaʻu loa ai ka poʻe. Kahi ʻia ka mahele hāʻawi o ka manō bipi e kahi mea hou aʻe: ʻaʻole makemake ia i nā wai anuanu, a no laila ke ola nei wale nō i nā wahi subtropical a me tropical.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻaʻole ʻeha nā manō kūpilikiʻi i ka ʻeha, a ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pae testosterone ua ikaika loa lākou - hiki i kēia hui ke alakaʻi i ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa no lākou iho. Ua hānai ʻia kahi manō kūpilikiʻi, a hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ʻai i kona ʻaoʻao ponoʻī.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka manō kūpilikiʻi. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka manō kūmū?
Kiʻi: Mōʻō manō weliweli
He unpretentious a hiki ke ʻai i nā mea āpau: mai ka mea pio nui loa i hiki ke hopu ʻia, i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a hina pū kekahi. Makemake e ʻike i nā wahi e hoʻolei i nā ʻōpala i ʻai i loko o nā kahawai a me nā kai, a e noho kokoke, e ʻai ana i kēia ʻōpala.
Ua koho ka nui o nā manō kūpau i ka muliwai ʻo Ganges ma muli o ka hoʻomana haipule o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea make me ia - ʻai wale nā manō i nā kupapaʻu e hele aʻe ana. Mai noʻonoʻo i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai māmā me nā poʻe ola pū kekahi, a me nā lunamakaʻāinana o kā lākou ʻano iho. Akā ʻo ke kumu o ka papaʻai ʻaʻole maʻamau ka poʻe - ke ola a me ka make, a ʻaʻole nā manō ʻē aʻe, akā:
- nā ʻāpāpā;
- mullet a me nā iʻa kula ʻē aʻe;
- honu;
- crustaceans;
- stingrays;
- echinod germ.
Hānai maʻamau lākou hoʻokahi, e neʻe mālie nei i ka wahi i koho ʻia - i kēia manawa ua hiamoe a lohi hoʻi. Hiki i kēlā ʻano hana ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, ʻoiai ʻoiai, ma muli o ke kala camouflage, hiki iā ia no kahi manawa lōʻihi a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻike iki i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka mea ʻaihue.
Akā ʻo ka lohi o kahi mano manō e hoʻopunipuni ana - hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i ka ʻauʻau e like me ka lohi, i ka ʻike mua ʻana i kāna mea pio a me ka māka ʻana iā ia, a hiki i ka manawa kūpono kūpono loa no ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana. ʻO nā hana āpau a ka lolo o ka manō i kēia manawa ke kuhi ʻia nei i ka helu ʻana i ka manawa o kona hoʻomaka ʻana, a ke hiki mai ia, wikiwiki loa ia a hopu i ka mea pio.
Inā nui ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, a laila kuʻi ka manō iā ia me kona poʻo, e hoʻāʻo ana e kīkē i ka ʻuhane, a laila nahu, inā pono, paʻi hou a nahu hou, hoʻololi i kēia mau hana a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ke kūʻē. No laila, hiki iā ia ke pepehi ʻaʻole wale nā kamaʻāina kai, akā ʻo nā mea māmala ʻāina i hōʻea i kahi o ka wai - lele i waho o ka wai, lālau iā lākou a kauō iā lākou.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻO ia no ka mea i ka wā e hoʻouka nei i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia ua kuʻi ʻia ia me kona poʻo, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi inoa ʻokoʻa - he manō bipi, no ka mea i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua he ʻano like ia me ka bipi kau i ka ʻenemi
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pipi mano
Hānai maʻamau lākou i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi - i kēia manawa paʻakikī loa lākou e ʻike. ʻAʻole makaʻu ka manō kūpilikiʻi e hoʻouka i nā iʻa a me nā holoholona i ʻoi aku ma mua ona: aia kekahi mau hihia ke kauō ʻia i nā lio a i nā antelope paha. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi kanaka ke makaʻu iā ia. Ma muli o kēia mau mea ola, he nui nā mea i hōʻino ʻia - aia lākou i waena o nā alakaʻi i waena o nā ʻano manō.
Akā, inā ʻike lākou i nā hui o ka poʻe, ʻaʻohe lākou e hoʻouka pinepine, koho pinepine lākou i hoʻokahi pahuhopu hoʻokahi i poʻe ʻino. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia a no laila weliweli loa ia, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka a hiki i ka wai papau, kahi e manaʻo ʻole ai ke kanaka i kēia: no ka laʻana, hoʻouka pinepine lākou i ka hele ʻana i nā kahawai. Kūleʻa kēia i nā kahawai o nā muliwai nui e like me Amazon a me nā Ganges.
Ma nā wahi e noho ʻia e nā manō kūpilikiʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻole ʻana i ka wai lepo a ʻauʻau ʻole i ka puka ʻana a me ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā - e hoʻēmi nui kēia i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻouka Eia hou, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e ʻauʻau ma hope koke iho o ka ʻino - e nui ana nā meaola i loko o ka wai, a e hele nō ka manō e ʻahaʻaina ma luna ona.
Inā ʻaʻole e helu ka manō blunt i ke kaulike o nā pūʻali, a ua pono ʻo ia e holo - a i ʻole ua hoʻouka ʻia ʻo ia e kahi manō nui, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻonele i nā mea o ka ʻōpū i mea e huikau ai ka mea hoʻouka. ʻO kēlā hana maʻa mau i kekahi manawa kōkua i ka heʻe ʻana, no ka mea inā piha ka ʻōpū, a laila ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ka ʻike.
Inā hele mau ka manō ihu ihu i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole i ka wā ʻino, i ke kakahiaka a i ʻole ke ahiahi, a laila i ka waena o ka lā lā hoʻomaha ia kokoke i ke kahakai, e hōʻike ana i kona kua a i ʻole ka ʻōpū i ka lā. Pēlā ʻo ia e hoʻohana mau ai i kahi hapa nui o ka lā - ʻoiai ʻo ia i kēia manawa ua mākaukau ʻo ia e ʻai i kekahi mea i ʻike ʻia i kāna māla o ka hihiʻo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻoiai ka ʻoi loa o ka manō ʻōuli i ka nui o ka manō nui, ʻo ia ka mea i lilo i prototype no ka moʻo nui weliweli mai ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Jaws". Nui aʻe kona nui i ka nui, ʻoiai ke ʻano like i waho, e like me ka mano a me nā ʻano maʻamau.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Manō ʻōpala
Noho wale lākou, inā hui kekahi mau mea like, a laila alakaʻi pinepine kēia i ka hakakā, a i ʻole blur wale lākou. Akā hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka o nā kāne ʻokoʻa ke hana i kahi pālua, ʻoiai ʻo ka pinepine no kahi manawa pōkole, a me ka ʻimi pū pū - hana kēia me kahi lako meaʻai maikaʻi.
ʻAe ʻimi ʻimi iā lākou e hoʻopunipuni i ka mea pio, i hoʻouka mua ʻia e hoʻokahi wale nō manō, a i ka manawa e komo ai ka maka o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, lele koke ka lua. Inā hāʻawi ka uniona i kahi hopena a lilo i mea maʻalahi ke alualu, hiki iā lākou ke hana hou i kahi neʻe like i nā manawa he nui, akā ʻaʻole like ka lōʻihi me ka lōʻihi no ka mea, ma ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi kēia mau iʻa.
Ua hōʻea lākou i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki 10. Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau ma ʻAukake-Kepakemapa, ma mua o ka moena moena, kahi e hōʻike piha ʻia ai nā ʻano manamana o nā manō ihu: nā kāne i kāna papa e nahu i nā wahine i ka huelo, e hoʻohuli i lalo i lalo - no laila e maopopo ai ua mākaukau lākou no ka male ʻana.
Ikaika loa nā nahu, a hiki i nā ʻeha ke waiho mau iā lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi - ʻoiai ʻaʻole mau ka wahine i ka ʻeha ma muli o nā mea i hana ʻia i loko o ke kino e ālai ana i nā manaʻo ʻeha. I nā kāne, i kēia manawa, hana ʻia ka nui o ka testosterone, ʻo ia ke kumu i lilo ai lākou i mea hōʻeuʻeu loa.
Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia kona pae i nā manō ihu ākea, e wehewehe nei i kā lākou ʻano. I kekahi manawa ʻike lākou i nā haunaele hormonal i nā manawa ʻē aʻe, a laila hoʻomaka maoli lākou e hoʻolei iā lākou iho i nā mea āpau, a me nā mea ola ʻole, a hiki ke hōʻeha iā lākou iho ma kahi pōhaku a hoʻouka paha i kahi manō ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou a make.
ʻAʻohe o ko lākou ʻano makuahine makuahine, a i ka pau ʻana o ka hana, ʻauʻau wale lākou. Nā manō liʻiliʻi - mai 4 a 10 mau o lākou e ʻike ʻia, pono ʻoe e mālama koke iā lākou iho. I ka wā mua, noho lākou i ka wai hou, a ke oʻo wale lākou e loaʻa ka hiki ke noho i ka wai paʻakai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe i loko.
I nā kahawai, hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka manō ʻōpio e ka poʻe ʻaihue liʻiliʻi, a hele lākou i ke kai ma hope o ko lākou oʻo ʻana, pinepine no ka mea he nui nā mea pio ma laila. Hana ʻia kēia e 3-5 mau makahiki, ke hiki lākou i kahi nui ma kahi o 2 mau mika a ʻaʻohe o lākou mau hoa paio kūpono i ka wai kai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka manō kūpilikiʻi
Kiʻi: Mōʻī puʻupuʻu Bull
Aia kekahi o lākou, ʻo ka manō keʻokeʻo a me ka manika tiger. Makemake lākou i nā wahi like me ka mano manō, a no laila hiki ke hui - a hoʻouka kaua. Nui aʻe ka nui o lākou, ʻoiai wikiwiki a maneuverable hoʻi, no laila ke hōʻike nei lākou i kahi makaʻu nui no nā manō ʻōmaka makua, a i ka hui ʻana me lākou, he pono lākou e heʻe.
Pilikia hoʻi nā ʻohana - hoʻomake a ʻai nā manō o kēia ʻano i kekahi me ka ʻole o ke ʻano o ka manaʻo, no laila, a hiki i ko lākou oʻo makua ʻana, pono lākou e hōʻalo i ka hui ʻana me kahi manō ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea weliweli loa ka poʻe, mai ko lākou mau lima ka make o ka hapa nui o kēia mau iʻa, no ka mea hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawaiʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ka nui nui.
Hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i nā kohola pepehi kanaka a me nā crocodiles i nā manō mākua. Hoʻopiʻi pinepine ka hope iā lākou: Combed a Nile crocodiles, a ʻo nā alligators hiki ke hoʻouka i nā mākua, nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi - nā mea ulu. ʻOiai ʻo nā pinnipeds hōʻeuʻeu hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i nā manō ʻōpio.
Akā ʻo ka fry ka nui o nā pilikia: ʻaʻole wale nā poʻe o nā mea i helu ʻia ma mua i makemake ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou, hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke hopu ʻia e nā iʻa meʻa. Alualu pū nā manu iā lākou. Nui nā mea ʻelua, no laila ke alo aku nei kahi manō ʻōpio i nā mea weliweli he nui, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ia e ola i nā makahiki 2-3 mua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: maikaʻi kēia manō i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kala a hoʻāʻo e hōʻalo i nā mea i pena ʻia i ka melemele koʻikoʻi - hoʻopili lākou iā lākou me ka makaʻu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manō ʻōpala
Aia kahi lawaiʻa no ka manō kūpilikiʻi, kona ʻili, pancreas a me ke akepaʻa i manaʻo ʻia he waiwai, ʻai ka ʻiʻo a he ʻāpana ia o nā mea ʻono ma kekahi mau ʻāina. No laila, he waiwai kūʻai kā kēia ʻano, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hopu ʻana i kahi manō kūpilikiʻi, no ka mea ke noho mau nei ia ma kahi kokoke i ke kapakai, a hiki ke lhu ʻia me ka ʻiʻo me ke koko - manaʻo ia mai kahi mamao.
ʻOiai ma waena o nā mea lawaiʻa ʻaʻole ia ma waena o nā mea nui, aia kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe e alakaʻi ana i ka luku ʻia o kēia ʻano - weliweli loa lākou no ka poʻe, a no laila i nā wahi he nui kahi hakakā pono i hana ʻia me lākou, makemake nā kamaʻāina e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou kahakai mai kēia mau mea. nā mea hōʻeuʻeu i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻauʻau hou me ka mālie.
A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻoiai ke ākea, ʻo ka nui o nā mano kūleʻa e hoʻoliʻiliʻi wikiwiki nei no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. ʻAʻohe o ka ʻike kikoʻī o ka poʻe noiʻi, akā manaʻo ʻia aia i loko o 100 mau makahiki i hala iho nei ua emi ʻia e 3-5 mau manawa. Ma kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe o ka lāhui i ka Red Data Book, akā ua wehewehe ʻia kona kūlana ma ke ʻano he "kokoke i ka palupalu".
Inā hoʻomau ke ʻano like, a hiki i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻike i kona loli, hiki koke paha ka manō kūloko i waena o nā lāhui ʻaneʻane pau, akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea i hana ʻia e pale aku ai iā lākou. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi ka maʻalahi o lākou i ka noho ʻana i kahi nohona hana a hiki ke hana hou i loko.
Mano kūmū - kekahi o nā waiwai o ko mākou honua, ʻoiai he manaʻo ʻokoʻa ko ka poʻe kamaʻāina o nā kahakai. He ʻāpana nui lākou o ka kaulahao meaʻai a pili i ka hānau ʻana o nā iʻa a me nā ola kai ʻē aʻe. Auē, ma muli o ka hoʻouka pinepine ʻana i ka poʻe, hoʻopau koke ʻia lākou, a hiki i kēia manawa ke ʻano ke emi nei kā lākou heluna kanaka i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Lā paʻi: 12.06.2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 10:01
