Mai huikau i kahi shrew me ka ʻiole maʻamau, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia he koʻokoʻo, akā no ka papa o nā māmela. ʻO kēia paha ka lunamakaʻāinana liʻiliʻi loa o kēia papa. ʻĀlia - ka mea luku i nā lehulehu o nā ʻano ʻelala āpau. He helehelena hoʻomākeʻaka loa ko ka holoholona liʻiliʻi, mahalo i ka proboscis ma ka waha, e nānā ana me ka minoʻaka ʻole.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Shrew
ʻO ka shrew he holoholona mammalian, pili ia i ke kauoha o nā insectivores. ʻO kēia ka mea ʻaihue liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻohana shrew. I ka helehelena, like ka shrew me ka ʻiole maʻamau, kahi vole, akā kumakaia ʻia e kahi perkosc a me nā proboscis ʻano ʻē ma kona alo. Aia i loko o ka ʻohana shrew ʻekolu haneli mau ʻano o kēia mau holoholona ʻano ʻole, i hui ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻohana.
- Shrews (loaʻa i nā enamel niho ʻeleʻele);
- Shrews (holoholona me ka enamel niho keʻokeʻo).
Ma kā mākou ʻāina wale nō he 21 mau ʻano shrews. Ua ʻike lōʻihi ka poʻe i ko lākou ʻano koʻikoʻi a ʻino hoʻi, no laila ua kapa lākou iā lākou he "daimonio liʻiliʻi". Inā ʻoe e komo i loko o ka mōʻaukala, a laila hoʻi i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāhiku, ua wehewehe ka ʻepekema - zoologist ʻo Topsel i kēia holoholona ma ke ʻano he predatory a me ka huhū, e nahu paʻakikī loa ana, a hiki i kēlā me kēia nahu ke lilo i mea make. E wehewehe i ka kikoʻī i kekahi ʻano o nā shrews.
ʻO ka shrew liʻiliʻi ka mammal liʻiliʻi loa ma ka Honua, ʻo kona lōʻihi o ke kino mai 3 a 5 cm. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka holoholona no ke kala o ka enamel niho, ka mea e pale ai i ka wili wikiwiki ʻana o nā niho. ʻO kaʻeleʻele o ka hulu holoholona o nā holoholona.
ʻO ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo-niho niho keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea i hala, ʻo kona lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 7 cm. Laha loa ka hui ʻana me kēia holoholona, hina ke kala o ka ʻahu o kēia ʻano shrews.
ʻO ka pilikua shrew ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o kona ʻohana, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma kahi o 15 knm, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona huelo he 10. ʻO ke kala o kona kapa huluhulu hiki ke hina hina a ʻeleʻele paha.
Lawe nā shrews maʻamau i kahi kahakai i nā kahawai wai wai. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēlā mau shrews nā lauoho lauoho ma luna o nā lālā, mahalo i hiki ke neʻe i ka wai. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻohe wai ka huluhulu huluhulu o kēia holoholona, he ʻano hina kona, a ma ka ʻōpū ʻo ia ke kani māmā. I ka nānā aku, ʻano like kēia shrew me ka ʻiole wai.
Wikiō: Shrew
ʻEleu nō nā ʻelole iole i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā. Pahee a silky ko lākou hulu. Hiki ke kala i ko lākou huluhulu i hinahina, melemele, brownish-brown a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, 6 a 11 cm ka lōʻihi o ke kino, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 23 g wale nō.
Ua lawa ka nui o nā shrew ʻAmelika i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe, he huelo pōkole a me nā lālā ikaika. He onaona kēia mau holoholona a he huluhulu ʻeleʻele ko lākou.
Liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā shrews, akā ʻoluʻolu loa ko lākou huluhulu, lōʻihi a nani hoʻi. Hinahina ka nui o kona aka. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia ʻano ma mua o 10 cm, a ʻo kona kaumaha mai 3 a 12 g.
He iwi iwi ʻole ko ka Ugandan armed shrew i kū hoʻokahi i kāna ʻano. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o kona kino ke hōʻea i 15 knm, a kaumaha ka holoholona i ka 110 gram. ʻEleʻele ka pālule, akā lawa ka mānoanoa, hina ke kala o ka hulu.
He mea hoihoi: mahalo i ka iwi kupaianaha o ka shrew Armored, hiki i ka holoholona ke lanakila i nā kaumaha nui i kona kino, ʻoi aku ka nui o hoʻokahi tausani mau manawa ma mua o ke kaupaona o ka shrew iho.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Shrew ma ka pūnaewele
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka shrews, a he ʻano hiʻohiʻona kā lākou āpau, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka hiʻohiʻona i loko o ka ʻohana shrew. E pili ana i ke kino, lawa ke poʻo o ka holoholona, elongated a muiko ʻia ka waha, a hele ka ihu i kahi proboscis liʻiliʻi me ka neʻe.
Pōkole nā wāwae o ka holoholona, ʻelima mau manamana. Mānoanoa a huluhulu ka hulu. ʻOkoʻa ka lōʻihi o ka huelo no nā ʻano mea like ʻole, i kekahi he pōkole loa ia, a ʻo kekahi ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. He wahi ololi a elongated ko ka iwi poʻo e kuhikuhi ana i ka ihu. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi o ka shrew ka nui o kona lolo, ʻo ia ka hapaʻumi o ke kaupaona o nā holoholona holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kānaka a me nā dolphins.
E like me ia, ʻaʻole nānā ʻia nā papalina i nā shrews, a ʻokoʻa ka helu o nā niho mai 26 a 32. Hoʻololi nā niho paʻa i nā waiū ma ke kahua embryonic, no laila hānau ʻia nā shrews hou me nā niho niho. Nui aʻe nā lūlū i mua, ʻo nā mea haʻahaʻa hoʻi. Ma kahi o ka puka aniani a me nā genital aia kekahi mea e like me ka wili o ka ʻili. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ma ke kumu o ka huelo, aia kekahi mau glands e hōʻike ana i kahi pilau fetid kikoʻī.
ʻIke hoihoi: he 6 a 10 mau nipples nā shrew wahine, a aia nā glands seminal o nā kāne ma loko o ke kino. Loaʻa ka nui o ka nui o nā kino kanaka i nā kāne kāne, ʻo kona lōʻihi i hiki i kanahiku pākēneka o ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
He puʻuwai puʻuwai wikiwiki loa kā ka shrew, i ka hoʻomaha ʻana aia a hiki i 700 mau kuʻi i kēlā me kēia minuke, a ma kahi ʻano makaʻu hiki ke piʻi i 1200 mau paʻi. Ma ke ʻano laulaha, ua ʻike ka ʻepekema ʻaʻole kaulike a makaʻu ʻole kēia mau mea, no laila hiki iā lākou ke make a hiki i ka halulu nui ʻana o ka hekili.
Noho ma hea ka shrew?
Kiʻi: Manu ʻāhiu
Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole a puni ka honua. Noho lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi āpau, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻAukekulelia wale nō, ma nā wahi polar, Nūlani a me Nūkini, a ma nā ʻāpana hoʻi o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻo ia ka hema o nā ʻāina e like me Venezuela, ʻEkuador a me Colombia.
Hoʻopili kēia mau mea kolo i ke ola i nā panalāʻau like ʻole:
- Ma nā wahi pālahalaha;
- I nā pae mauna (a i 4 km ke kiʻekiʻe);
- I nā wao akua a me nā wao akua;
- I nā wao nahele tropical;
- I ka wai pulu.
He waiwai ko kēlā me kēia holoholona, kahi e kiaʻi ai me ka makaʻala i mea e pale aku ai i nā mea komo hewa o ka poʻe komo hewa. Inā ua hoʻouka kaua kekahi i kahi ʻāpana o kahi shrew, a laila hoʻomaka ka hakakā no kahi wahi hahai holoholona, a ʻo ka hopena e make ia no kekahi o nā hoa paio. Hoʻokomo ʻo Shrews i nā hakakā ʻaʻole wale me kā lākou ʻano iho, akā me nā ʻiole a me nā moʻo pū kekahi.
Mālama ʻo Burrows i puʻuhonua a me kahi home no nā shrew, akā ʻaʻole lākou ʻeli loa iā lākou, akā e hoʻāʻo e noho i kahi lua i waiho ʻia e kekahi ʻē aʻe. Inā pono lākou e ʻeli i ko lākou wahi e malu ai, a laila papau lākou.
Lilo nā lua insectivorous o nā lāʻau popopo i kahi moemoeā, kahi a lākou e hoʻolako pono ai i ko lākou mau home. I ko lākou mau lua, hana nā shrew i nā wahi moe ʻoluʻolu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi mai nā lau o ka makahiki i hala. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo me ka hilinaʻi ʻo nā shrews he mau holoholona sedentary e pili ana i kekahi panalāʻau no ko lākou ola pōkole holoʻokoʻa.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka shrew?
Kiʻi: Mīkini iole
Ke ʻimi nei ka shrew i ka meaʻai kokoke i kona ola a pau, no ka mea, nui ka meaʻai e pono ai e mālama i ka mahana o ke kino e pono ai a hoʻopiha i nā koina ikehu.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi: i ka lā, ʻai ka shrew i kahi nui o nā meaʻai, ʻo ke kaumaha o aneane palua ka nui o ka holoholona iā ia iho.
I ka papaʻai o kēia mau mea ʻaihue liʻiliʻi, ʻaneʻane kokoke i nā kolo. Aia ka papa kuhikuhi shrew i:
- Slugs;
- Medvedok;
- Nā nalo lau;
- Punawelewele;
- Nahenahe;
- ʻEnuhe;
- Mokrits;
- Nā ʻano larva āpau;
- ʻĀina honua;
- Nā nalo meli.
Hiki i ka shrew ke hoʻouka i nā moʻo, nāʻiole liʻiliʻi, nā rana. Hauʻoli nā ʻalalā wai e ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā amphibians. He paʻakikī loa ia no kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka wā hoʻoilo paʻakikī, ke kūpuna ka honua a paʻakikī loa e ʻeli i kahi mea mai lalo o ka hau. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā shrews ke ʻai i nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu like ʻole, akā ola nā mea laha ʻole a hiki i ka puna.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka pilau a me ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka hoʻopā e kōkua i nā holoholona e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. I nā lā o nā shrew ʻaʻohe mahele i ka pō a me ke ao, ua mahele ʻia lākou i nā wā o ka ʻimi holoholona a me ka hiamoe. ʻO ka momona o nā holoholona, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke kuʻi nei, akā pili i ko lākou ola, no ka mea, ikaika loa ka metabolism o kēia mau pēpē.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole e lōʻihi nā shrew me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai, i ke kauwela hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka ʻai ʻole ma kahi o 10 mau hola, a i ka hoʻoilo - 3. wale nō i ka hopena o kēia manawa, make ka holoholona inā ʻaʻole hānai ʻia. ʻO kēia ke ʻano hoihoi o ko lākou kino.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Māla lāʻau
ʻOiai i kēia lā, ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā shrews. ʻaʻole lākou i lawa ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana, no ka mea alakaʻi lākou i kahi ʻano o ka pō a aia ma nā ʻōpū o ka honua kokoke i nā manawa āpau. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa nā kāne mai nā wahine i ka helehelena.
I ko lākou kūlohelohe, he mea mehameha kēia mau holoholona, he kuleana ʻāina ko kēlā me kēia o lākou, kahi e pale pono ai i nā malihini. Hiki i kahi shrew ke hakakā me ka huhū no kāna hoʻolālā ʻāina me nā mea komo hewa, ʻaʻole ʻo ia makaʻu e hoʻouka i ka ʻiole nui a me ka moʻo. He huhū loa kona huhū a huhū koke.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kaulike ʻole a makaʻu kēia holoholona, me nā aʻa o ka shrew, ʻaelike ʻole, hiki ke makaʻu maoli i ka make a ke hekili paha. ʻAno ʻokoʻa ka hibernation no kēia mau holoholona, akā inā ʻaʻohe meaʻai liʻiliʻi, hāʻule ka shrew i loko o kahi ʻano stupor pōkole, a hāʻule nui ka mahana o kona kino i kēia manawa.
ʻO nā shrews huelo pōkole, i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me nā moku wai e noho ana i ko mākou ʻāina ma kahakai o nā waihona wai, he holoholona ʻawahia ia, he ʻeha loa ka nahu o lākou no nā kānaka a lilo i ka pehu ʻana o ka kahua i nahu ʻia, a no nā holoholona liʻiliʻi he nahu wale kēlā.
No ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka shrew, he mea lele loa ia a aia ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki wale nō. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Eia kahi ʻano hoihoi a ʻelua hoʻi o nā shrews: ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hopohopo nui lākou a makaʻu hoʻi, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ikaika lākou a ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Shrew pēpē
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, makemake nā shrews i kahi noho mehameha i ko lākou mokuna kaʻawale. Hānau kēia mau holoholona mai hoʻokahi a i ʻekolu mau manawa o ka makahiki. ʻO ka hānau ʻana he 2-3 mau pule. Hiki iā 4 a 14 mau pēpē i kahi puaʻa, i hānau makapō a lauoho ʻole.
Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka proboscis i nā keiki hānau hou, no laila ke nānā iki nei nā pēpē. I kahi wā maikaʻi i ke kau kau, hiki i kahi wahine ke hānai he kanahā mau keiki, a he manawa kūpono kekahi mau holoholona ʻōpio e loaʻa kā lākou keiki i ke kauwela like.
He mea hoihoi: hoʻolako nā mākua ʻelua i ka pūnana no nā keiki e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu nā ʻepekema inā he monogamous a polygamous paha nā shrews.
Ma luna o kahi moena palupalu i hana ʻia i nā lau maloʻo, ulu nā keiki a ikaika ikaika koke, a i loko o hoʻokahi mahina ua kūʻokoʻa loa lākou. He mea hoihoi e nānā i ka neʻe ʻana o kahi shrew me kāna mau keiki i hoʻokahi faile, e paʻa ana i nā huelo o kekahi me kona mau niho. Mai kahi mamao aku, ʻano like ia me kahi kaʻaahi liʻiliʻi, kahi e hana ai kēlā me kēia keiki ma ke ʻano he trailer. Inā naʻe, ua hiki i ka cub ke nalowale, a laila hoʻolaha ʻo ia i kēia me kāna ʻūlū, pani ka makuahine i ke "kaʻaahi" a nānā i ka nalo, a laila hoʻomaka hou ka neʻe o ka locomotive.
He mea kūpono ke haʻi ʻana i ka hiki ke kūleʻa o nā shrews, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Denel hanana", ʻike ʻia ia e ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o ke kino me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu anuanu, lilo ka cranium i pālahalaha. I ʻApelila, hoʻonui hou kona nui. Eia kahi moe ʻokoʻa i ke ola pōkole o kahi mea liʻiliʻi e like me kahi shrew.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā shrews
Kiʻi: Shrew nui
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā shrew e maʻalahi ai lākou i nā holoholona he nui. Hāʻule pinepine lākou i ka manu manu i ka pō a me ke ao. Hiki i nā weasels, ferrets a me nā holoholona predatory liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe ke hānai i nā shrew. Hāʻule pinepine lākou i ka hoʻouka ʻia e nā ʻalopeke a me nā pōpoki maʻamau a me nā ʻīlio.
Huikau kēia mau holoholona i nā shrew me nāʻiole, akā, i ka lawe ʻana i kahi mea pio i loko o ko lākou waha, ʻike koke lākou i ko lākou kuhihewa a, hōʻole pinepine i kēlā meaʻai māmā. ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka ʻala musky fetid a nā insectivores emit, ma muli o ia mea, ʻai nā mea ʻaihue he nui me ka wiwo ʻole a ke loaʻa ʻole nā koho ʻē aʻe no ka meaʻai.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenemi o ka shrews kahi kanaka nāna e luku i kēia mau holoholona, ke noʻonoʻo nei iā lākou he mau ʻino o nā māla, nā māla a me nā māla mea kanu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i kahi shrew ke hōʻino i ke aʻa o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kolo, akā lawe ʻia mai nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ka ʻāina. Me kāna proboscis, hoʻonāukiuki ka holoholona i ka lepo, i piha i ka oxygen, ʻoiai ka shrew e luku i nā hui holoʻokoʻa o nā mea ʻinoʻino a me kā lākou larvae.
He mea hoihoi: luku nā shrew i kahi nui o nā pests a hiki i nā wahi kahi hiki ʻole i nā manu ke kiʻi iā lākou.
Minamina, ʻike ka poʻe i ka pōʻino wale nō i ka hana o shrews, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia ma nā hihia āpau. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, nui nā shrew e make i ka wā hoʻoilo paʻakikī ma muli o ka nele o ka meaʻai, kākaʻikahi ka noho ʻana i nā manawa mahana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: holoholona holoholona
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, pālahalaha nā shrew ma kahi o ka hona holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō kekahi o nā wahi, akā ʻano kānalua ka mokuʻāina o ko lākou heluna, pili ia i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi ʻano o kēia holoholona. Kūleʻa ka nui o ka nui o nā shrew a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia i kekahi hoʻoweliweli, a manaʻo ʻia kekahi ʻano mea ʻaneʻane a helu ʻia i ka Red Book.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ʻohana o nā shrews ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, a laila ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano lihi wale nō ua aneane make, a ʻo ka helu o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ia he mea e hopohopo ai. Mai poina aia ma kahi o ʻekolu haneli mau ʻano o kēia mau ʻano mea ʻenemi hoihoi, no laila he nui a pālahalaha nui ʻia ma nā ʻāina like ʻole, nā ʻāina, nā ʻāina a me nā wahi.
Pākuʻi Shrew
Kiʻi: puke ʻula ʻula
I kēia lā he maikaʻi ʻole ke kūlana me nā ululāʻau nahele, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano he mea ʻāpopo. ʻO ka murine shis a Eisentraut a me ka Rampian murine shrew e hoʻoweliweli pū ʻia hoʻi. Ua helu ʻia kēia mau ʻano āpau i ka puke ʻulaʻula o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Ua helu ʻia ka shrew nunui ma ka puke ʻulaʻula o ka Russian Federation, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā ʻano relict rarest loa, a ʻo ka helu i hōʻemi nui ʻia i nā kenekulia ʻelua i hala.
ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ke kumu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai kekahi mau ʻano shrews e like me ka mea kokoke i ka wao nahele nui, ka noho ʻana o nā ʻāina i noho ʻia e nā holoholona no nā pono mahiʻai, ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā wahi noho kanaka. Hoʻopili kēia āpau i ka helu o nā holoholona he nui, e like me ka ʻohana shrew.
I ka hopena, hoʻomau ia e hoʻohui he pōkole loa ke ola o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, akā ikaika loa a hoihoi. Ke hele nei i kāna mau kikoʻī, hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i nā mea hou a ʻano ʻē. ʻO ke kuhi hewa nui o ka hapa nui ke kuhi hewa nei no ka ʻiole maʻamau, akā ʻōʻā ʻaʻole ia he koʻokoʻo i nā mea āpau, akā ʻo ka mea ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi a palaka ʻole hoʻi, ʻo ia ka hoʻoweliweli o nā mea ʻino o nā mea kolo.
Lā paʻi: 11.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 16:27
