ʻO nā mōneka liʻiliʻi loa, pili pili i nā lemur. ʻO nā Tarsiers wale nō nā primate karnivorous holoʻokoʻa i ka honua.
Hōʻike Tarsier
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, ʻo ka moʻokūʻauhau ʻo Tarsius (tarsiers) he monolithic ia, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻohana o ka inoa like ʻo Tarsiidae (tarsiers), akā i ka makahiki 2010 ua māhele ʻia i ʻekolu hanauna kūʻokoʻa. ʻO nā kākā, i ho'ākāka ʻia ma 1769, i kekahi manawa no ka suborder o nā mōʻī semi-mōʻī, i kēia manawa ua pau, a ua kapa ʻia kēia manawa ʻo nā ʻīlio ihu maloʻo (Haplorhini)
ʻIke, nā ana
ʻO ka mea mua āu e ʻike ai ke hui ʻoe me kahi pā tarsier ʻo ia kona maka nunui (ʻaneʻane hapalua o ka waha) me nā anawaena o 1.6 cm me ka ulu ʻana o ka holoholona mai 9 a 16 cm a me ke kaumaha 80-160 g. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke ʻimi nei i inoa no kahi laha hou, nā zoologists no ke aha nānā lākou i nā maka ʻano ʻole, akā ua nānā i ka wāwae o nā wāwae hope me ko lākou kuʻekuʻe elongated (tarsus). Pēlā i hānau ʻia ai ka inoa ʻo Tarsius - nā lawaiʻa.
ʻO ke kino a me ke kala
Ma ke ala, ʻike nui ʻia nā lālā hope no ko lākou nui: ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o lākou ma mua o ka mua, a ʻo ke poʻo a me ke kino i hui pū ʻia. Ke hopu nei nā lima / kapuaʻi o ka tarsiers a hoʻopau i nā manamana wāwae lahilahi me nā pads ākea e kōkua i ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau. Hana pū nā māiʻuʻu i ka hana like, eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā māiʻuʻu o ka manamana ʻelua a ʻekolu hoʻi no ka hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe - nā lula, e like me nā primata āpau, e hoʻopili pū i ko lākou huluhulu me lākou.
Hoihoi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke poʻo nui a poepoe i luna aʻe ma mua o ke koena o nā mōneka, a hiki nō ke kaʻapuni i aneane 360 °.
ʻO nā pepeiao radar sensitive, hiki ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa i kekahi i kekahi, huli i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. He ihu hoʻomākeʻaka ko ka tarsier me nā puka ihu poepoe e hoʻonui aʻe i ka lehelehe luna e neʻe ana. ʻO nā Tarsiers, e like me nā mōneka āpau, ua hoʻomohala kupaianaha i nā mākala maka, i hiki ai i nā holoholona ke ʻokiʻoki loa.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka genus āpau e kahi hina hina-ʻeleʻele, hoʻololi i nā aka a me ke kiko e pili ana i nā ʻano / ʻāpana. Uhi ʻia ke kino me ka hulu mānoanoa, ʻaʻole wale ma nā pepeiao a me kahi huelo lōʻihi (13–28 cm) me kahi kaula. Mālama ia i ka pā kaulike, ka hoe a me ke kō ke kū a kau ka mea lawelawe ma kāna huelo.
Nā Maka
No nā kumu he nui, pono ke haʻi ʻokoʻa nā lālā o ka ʻike tarsier. ʻAʻole lākou e alo i mua ma mua o nā primates ʻē aʻe, akā nui pū nō hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou (!) Hoʻohuli i ko lākou mau maka maka. Wehe ʻia, me he mea lā i ka makaʻu, ʻālohilohi nā maka melemele o kahi tarsier i ka pouli, a hiki i kā lākou mau haumāna ke ʻaelike i loko o kahi kolamu ākea ākea.
Hoihoi. Inā he maka ko kekahi e like me ka pā tarsier, ʻo ka nui ia o ka ʻāpala. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēlā me kēia maka o ka holoholona ma mua o kona ʻōpū a i ʻole ka lolo, a ma ke ala, ʻaʻohe pili e ʻike ʻia.
I ka hapanui o nā holoholona nocturnal, ua uhi ʻia ke kole o ka maka me kahi pale aniani, a ʻo ia ke kumu e hele ai ka mālamalama ma waena o ka retina i ʻelua mau manawa, akā hana ʻia kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka mea mālama tarsier - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO ia ke kumu o ka uhi piha ʻia ʻana o kāna retina me nā huna koʻokoʻo, mahalo iā ia i ʻike pono ai i ka auwina a me ka pō, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻokoʻa i nā kala.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Aia he ʻelua mau mana o ka hui kaiaulu o ka poʻe lawelawe tarsiers. ʻO kēlā me kēia, makemake nā holoholona i ka hoʻopili hou ʻana a noho kaʻawale kekahi i kekahi ma kahi mamao o kekahi mau mile. ʻO ka poʻe pili i ka manaʻo kuʻe e koi i ka poʻe mālama tarsi e hana i nā pālua (me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ma mua o 15 mau mahina) a i ʻole nā pūʻulu 4-6 kanaka.
I nā hihia āpau, kiaʻi lūlū nā mōneka i ko lākou mau ʻāina ponoʻī, e kaha ana i ko lākou mau palena me nā māka, no lākou e waiho ai i ka pilau o kā lākou mimi ma nā kumu a me nā lālā. E ʻimi nā Tarsiers i ka pō, e hiamoe ana i nā kalaunu mānoanoa a i nā lua paha (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi) i ke ao. Hoʻomaha lākou, a hiamoe pū nō hoʻi, e kīkē ana i nā lālā kū / kū i luna, pili iā lākou me nā lālā ʻehā, e kanu ana i ko lākou mau poʻo i ko lākou mau kuli a hilinaʻi i ko lākou huelo.
ʻAʻole piʻi wale nā Primates i nā kumulāʻau, paʻa i nā māiʻuʻu a me nā pale omo, akā lele pū hoʻi e like me ka rana, hoʻolei i ko lākou mau wāwae hope. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hiki ke lele o ka tarsiers e nā kiʻi aʻe: a i 6 mau mika - papamoe a hiki i 1.6 mika - pākū.
Ua kānalua nā meaolaola Kaleponi ma ke Kulanui ʻo Humboldt i aʻo i ka tarsiers e ka nele o ke kani mai ko lākou waha hāmama (me he mea lā e ʻuē ana). A mahalo wale ia i ka mea ʻike kani ultrasound i hiki ai ke hoʻokumu i 35 mau ʻīlio hoʻokolohua ʻaʻole i ʻū a hāmama paha ko lākou waha, akā ua pīhoihoi ʻo ia, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona e ka pepeiao o ke kanaka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. Hiki i ka mea hana tarsier ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā leo me ke alapine a hiki i ka 91 kilohertz, hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia i ka poʻe nona ka lohe ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i nā hōʻailona ma luna o 20 kHz.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻololi ʻana o kekahi mau primates i nā nalu ultrasonic i ʻike ʻia ma mua, akā ua hōʻoia nā ʻAmelika i ka hoʻohana ʻana o "ultrasound" ultrasound e nā mea lawelawe tarsiers. ʻO kahi laʻana, kamaʻilio ka mea lawaiʻa Pilipino i ke alapine o 70 kHz, kekahi o nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa i waena o nā mea hoʻomomona ʻāina. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa wale nō, nā dolphins, nā koholā, nā meheu pākahi a me nā pōpoki kūloko e hoʻokūkū ai i nā pā tarsiers i kēia anakuhi.
Ehia mau huakaʻi e ola nei
Wahi a nā hōʻike i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia, ʻo ka lālā kahiko loa o ka lāhui ʻo Tarsius i noho pio ʻia a make i ka makahiki 13. He kānalua nō hoʻi kēia ʻikepili no ka mea ʻaʻole kokoke i ke ʻano o ka tarsiers a make koke i waho o ko lākou ʻōiwi. ʻAʻole hiki i nā holoholona ke maʻa i ka hei a ʻeha mau i ko lākou mau poʻo i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e puka i waho o kā lākou mau hīnaʻi.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka hope, me ka hoʻohui, ʻokoʻa i nā kāne i ka pālua o nā nipples hou (hoʻokahi pālua i ke aʻa a me ka axillary fossa). Kupanaha, akā he wahine me 3 mau pālua o nā nipples, ke hānai keiki, hoʻohana wale i nā mea hānai.
Lāhui Tarsier
Aia nā kūpuna o kēia mau moʻo me ka ʻohana Omomyidae i noho ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Eurasia i ka wā o Eocene - Oligocene epoch. I ka genus Tarsius, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano, he loli ka helu o ia ʻano i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana.
I kēia lā ke kūlana o nā laha:
- Tarsius dentatus (tarsier diana);
- Tarsius lariang;
- Tarsius fuscus;
- Tarsius pumilus (pygmy tarsier);
- Tarsius pelengensis;
- Tarsius sangirensis;
- Tarsius wallacei;
- Tarsius tarsier (hikina hikina);
- Tarsius tumpara;
- Tarsius supriatnai;
- Tarsius spectrumgurskyae.
Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana 5 i ka ʻano o ka tarsiers.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Loaʻa nā Tarsiers ma ka Hikina Hema ʻo Asia, kahi e noho maʻamau ai kēlā me kēia lāe i hoʻokahi a ʻoi mau mokupuni. ʻIke ʻia ka hapa nui o nā laha he endemik. Hoʻopili kēia, no ka laʻana, ka mea liʻiliʻi i aʻo ʻia i nā lawaiʻa, ʻo Tarsius pumilus, e noho ana ma Central a me South Sulawesi (Indonesia).
ʻOiaʻiʻo. A hiki i kēia manawa, 3 mau laʻana o ka tarsier dwarf i ʻike ʻia i nā makahiki like ʻole i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻepekema.
Ua loaʻa ka T. pumilus mua i ka makahiki 1916 ma nā kuahiwi ma waena o Palu a me Poso, ka lua ma ka makahiki 1930 ma ka mauna Rantemario ma Sulawesi Hema, a ʻo ke kolu i 2000 ma ka pali o mauna Rorecatimbu. Noho ʻo Tarsius tarsier (hikina hikina) i nā mokupuni ʻo Sulawesi, Peleng a me Big Sangikhe.
Makemake nā Tarsiers e noho i ka ululāʻau, ʻohe, mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, nā ululaau kahakai / mauna a i ʻole ka ululāʻau, a me nā mahi mahiʻai a me nā māla kokoke i kahi noho kanaka.
Papaʻai Tarsier
ʻO nā Tarsiers, ma ke ʻano he primates maoli nō, hoʻokomo i nā kolo i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi, i kekahi manawa me ka hoʻololi ʻana iā lākou me nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi a me nā invertebrates. ʻO kaʻai a ka tarsier kahi:
- nā piʻo a me nā ʻāpā;
- pule lole a me nā ʻūhini;
- butterflies and moths;
- na naonao a me na cicadas;
- nā moʻo huelo ʻawa a me nā moʻo;
- Nahesa ʻawahia;
- ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā manu.
ʻO nā mea pepeiao pepeiao, nā maka maʻalea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me ka hiki ke lele kupaianaha e kōkua i ka poʻe tarsiers e ʻike i ka mea pio i ka pouli. Ke lālau nei i kahi pepeke, ʻai ʻo ka mōneka iā ia, lālau paʻa iā ia me kāna mau wāwae mua. I loko o ka lā, komo ka pā lole i ka nui e like me ka 1/10 o kona kaupaona.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Pili ka poʻe Tarsiers i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā hāʻule ka piko rutting i Nowemapa - Pepeluali, ke hui pū nā hoa i nā paʻa paʻa, akā ʻaʻole kūkulu i nā pūnana. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana (e like me kekahi mau hōʻike) hala 6 mau mahina, hoʻopau me ka hānau ʻana o hoʻokahi keiki, ʻike maka ʻia a uhi ʻia me ka hulu. Kaupaona kahi hānau hou 25-27 g me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 7 cm a me kahi huelo e like me 11.5 cm.
ʻAneʻane pili koke ke keiki i ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine i mea e kolo ai mai kekahi lālā a kahi lālā i kēia kūlana. Eia kekahi, huki ka makuahine i ke keiki me ia i kahi ʻano feline (e hopu ana i nā mea mae me kona mau niho).
Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia i ka mālama makuahine, akā haʻalele ʻo ia me ka wiwo ʻole i ka wahine, noho pū me ia no ʻekolu pule ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o 26 mau lā, hoʻāʻo ka cub e hopu i nā kolo nona iho. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā hana hoʻohua i nā holoholona ʻōpio ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. I kēia manawa, haʻalele nā wahine makua i ka ʻohana: haʻalele nā kāne ʻōpio i ko lākou makuahine ma ke ʻano he ʻōpio.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Nui nā poʻe i ka nahele e makemake e ʻahaʻaina i ka poʻe mālama tarsiers, ka poʻe i pakele mai nā predators ma o ka ultrasound, ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā mea hoʻolohe pepeiao o ka hope. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā tarsiers ʻo:
- manu (ʻoi aku ka pueo);
- nahesa;
- nā moʻo;
- ʻīlio hānai / pōpoki.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā Tarsiers e nā kamaʻāina kamaʻāina e ʻai i kā lākou ʻiʻo. ʻO nā mōneka makaʻu, me ka manaʻolana e makaʻu i ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona, e holo wikiwiki i luna o nā lāʻau, hāmama ka waha a hemo nā niho.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻAneʻane pili nā ʻano lāhui āpau o ka genus Tarsius (ʻoiai ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻokoʻa) ma ka IUCN Red List. Pale ʻia nā Tarsiers ma ka pae ʻāina a ma waena hoʻi o ka honua, me CITES Appendix II. ʻO nā kumu nui e hoʻoweliweli nei i ka heluna kanaka o Tarsius i ʻike ʻia:
- ho'ēmi i ka nohona ma muli o ka mahiʻai;
- ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā pesticides ma nā mahi mahiʻai;
- kālai lāʻau kū ʻole i ke kānāwai;
- ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka limestone no ka hana sima;
- predation o nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano tarsier (ʻo kahi laʻana, mai North Sulawesi) aia i kahi makaʻu hou aʻe ma muli o ka hopu mau a kūʻai aku e like me nā holoholona.
Hoʻomanaʻo nā ʻoihana mālama i ke kōkua nui ʻana o nā mōʻī i nā mahiʻai ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea hoʻomake o nā mea kanu mahiʻai, e like me nā pule pule a me nā ʻūhini nui. ʻO ia ke kumu o kekahi o nā hana kūpono e mālama ai i ka poʻe mālama tarsiers (ʻo ka mea mua ma ka pae mokuʻāina) ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka stereotype wahaheʻe e pili ana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mau mea kanu mahiʻai.
