"Mākala moana" - ʻo kēia ka unuhi o ka huaʻō Helene κῆτος (kohola), pili i nā cetaceans āpau, koe wale no nā porpoise a me nā dolphins. Akā, e pane ana i ka nīnau "ehia ke kaumaha o ke kohola", ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hana me ka ʻole o nā nalo. ʻO kēia ʻohana kahi home o kahi moʻo nui kaumaha ma mua o nā koholā maoli he nui - ka kohola kohola.
ʻO ke kaumaha kohola e nā laha
Kūpono nā koholā i ke poʻo o nā holoholona kaumaha loa, nā ʻāina a me nā wai... ʻO ke kauoha cetacean he 3 mau suborder, kahi o ia (nā koholā kahiko) ua nalo mua mai ka alo o ka Honua. ʻElua mau suborder ʻē aʻe i niho ʻia a me nā koholā baleen, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke ʻano o nā hāmeʻa waha a me ke ʻano o nā meaʻai e pili kokoke ana iā ia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka waha o nā koholā niho, ʻoiai he kūpono ke manaʻo, me nā niho, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻimi i nā iʻa nui a me nā heʻe.
Ma ka awelika, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā koholā niho i nā ʻelele o ka subale baleen, akā i waena o kēia mau holoholona he mau hana kaumaha kupaianaha.
- kohola sperm - a hiki i 70 tone;
- floater ʻākau - 11-15 mau tona;
- narwhal - nā wahine a i nā 0.9 tone, nā kāne ma kahi o 2-3 mau tona (kahi o ka hapakolu o ke kaupaona ka momona);
- kohola keʻokeʻo (whale beluga) - 2 tone;
- kohola sperm dwarf - mai 0.3 a i 0.4 tone.
Mea nui! Kū kaʻawale nā porpoises: ʻoiai ua hoʻopili ʻia i ka suborder o nā koholā niho, i ka hoʻokaʻina koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole lākou no nā koholā, akā no nā cetaceans. Paona nā porpoises ma kahi o 120 kg.
I kēia manawa e nānā i nā dolphins, ka poʻe pedantic ketologists e hōʻole i ka pono e kapa ʻia he koholā maoli, e ʻae iā lākou e kapa ʻia he cetaceans i ka hui o nā koholā niho (!).
ʻO ka papa inoa o nā dolphins e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui:
- La Plata dolphin - mai 20 a 61 kg;
- dolphin maʻamau - 60-75 kg;
- ʻO Ganges dolphin - mai 70 a 90 kg;
- dolphin muliwai keʻokeʻo - mai 98 a 207 kg;
- dolphin ʻōmole ʻōmole (dolphin bottlenose) - 150-300 kg;
- dolphin ʻeleʻele (grinda) - 0.8 tone (i kekahi manawa a i 3 tone);
- kohola kohola - a i 10 mau tona a ʻoi paha.
Kupanaha ke kani ʻana, akā ʻo nā holoholona kaumaha loa na ka ʻaoʻao o nā koholā baleen, nona nā makemake gastronomic (ma muli o ka nele o nā niho) no ka plankton wale nō. Hoʻopili kēia suborder i ka mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa loa no ke kaupaona ma waena o nā holoholona o ka honua - ka kohola polū, hiki ke loaʻa iā 150 tone a ʻoi paha.
Eia hou, ke ʻano o ka papa inoa (i ke kaʻina iho o ka nui) e like me kēia:
- kohola kīhā - mai 75 a 100 paha mau tona;
- kohola hema - 80 tone;
- kohola fin - 40-70 tone;
- koholā humpback - mai 30 a 40 tons;
- kohola hina a Kaleponi paha - 15-35 mau tona;
- kohola sei - 30 tone;
- ʻO ka minke o ka wahine wahine - mai 16 a 25 mau tona;
- koholā minke - mai 6 a 9 tone.
ʻO ka koholā dwarf ka mea liʻiliʻi loa a i ka manawa like ʻole he koholā baleen, kahi e huki ai ma waho o 3,5.5 mau tona i kahi mokuʻāina makua.
Kaona kohola polū
Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o Bluval i ke kaupaona ʻaʻole wale nō i kēia mau lā, akā ua noho pū kekahi ma kā mākou holoholona honua... Ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā Zoologists ʻoiai ka mea hanohano o nā dinosaur (Brachiosaurus), nona ke kaupaona ʻana he 2 mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi, lilo i ke koholā polū. He aha ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka luaʻi o kēia wā, ka ʻelepani ʻApelika: kanakolu mau ʻelepani wale nō i hiki ke kaulike i nā unahi, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe he koholā polū.
Piʻi kēia pilikua i 2633.5 m me ka awelika o ke kaupaona o 150 ton, a ua like ia me ka nui o 2.4 mano mau kānaka. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i kēlā me kēia lā e loaʻa i ka luaʻi ka 1-3 tone o ka plankton (ka hapa nui o nā crustacea liʻiliʻi), e hele ana i nā haneli o nā wai o ke kai i loko o kāna mau kānana nani.
ʻO ke kaumaha kohola fin
ʻO ka minke maʻamau, a i ʻole ke kohola herring, ka inoa o ka pili lua loa o ka luaʻi a me ka holoholona lua nui ma ka honua.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā koholā fin a me nā koholā uliuli kahi kokoke loa a pili pū kekahi me kekahi, e hana ana i keiki kūpono.
Hiki i nā koholā hānai makua e noho ana i ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau ke hiki i 18-24 mau mika, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koholā Fin, e noho nei ma ka Hemisphere Hema a ulu a 20-27 mau mika. ʻO nā wahine (ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā ʻano kohola) ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kāne a kaupaona ma kahi o 40-70 tone.
ʻO ke kaumaha kohola koholā
Ua ʻoi aku kēia pilikua i ke koena o nā koholā niho i ke kaupaona, ʻoiai ua aneane ʻelua manawa ka nui o nā kāne o ka laha ma mua o nā wahine a kaupaona ma kahi o 40 tone me ka lōʻihi o 18-20 m. ʻO ka kohola sperm kekahi o nā cetaceans me ka dimorphism moekolohe. ʻAʻole akahai ka wahine i ka nui, akā ʻokoʻa hoʻi i nā kāne i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona morphological, e like me ke poʻo / ka nui, ka helu o nā niho a me ke ʻano.
Mea nui! Ulu nā koholā Sperm a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola - ʻoi aku ka hanohano o ka makahiki, ʻo ka nui o ke koholā. Wahi a ka lono i kēia manawa ke ʻauʻau nei nā kohola sperm 70-ton i ke kai, a ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hiki ke hālāwai me ke koholā ke kaupaona ʻia he 100 mau tona.
Kū'ē i ke kua o nā cetaceans nui ʻē aʻe, kū ka kohola sperm ʻaʻole wale i ke kaupaona wale nō, akā i nā kikoʻī anatomical kū hoʻokahi, no ka laʻana, kahi poʻo huinahā nunui me kahi ʻeke sperm. He spongy, fibrous tissue aia ma luna o ka iwi ā luna a impregnated me kahi momona kikoʻī i kapa ʻia ʻo spermaceti. ʻO ka nui o kēlā ʻeke sperm he 6 a i kekahi manawa 11 tone.
ʻO ke kaumaha kohola humpback
Hāʻawi ʻia ka humpback, a i ʻole ka koholā pūʻali koa lōʻihi i ka suborder o nā koholā baleen a manaʻo ʻia he holoholona nui... Ke ulu nei nā koholā humpback makua a hiki i 17-18 m: ma ka awelika, ʻaʻole hele pinepine nā kāne ma mua o 13.5 m, a me nā wahine - ma luna o 14.5 m. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke koholā humpback ma kahi o 30 tone, akā ke kaena nei i ka momona momona o ka momona subcutaneus i waena o nā kaha kohola (hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui o ke kino). Hoʻohui ʻia, ma waena o nā cetaceans, kū ka lua o ka koholā humpback i ka lua (ma hope o ke koholā polū) e pili ana i ka mānoanoa loa o ka momona subcutaneite.
Kaumaha kohola kohola
ʻO ka kohola kohola kekahi o nā predators kaulana loa o ka ʻohana dolphin a me ka suborder o nā koholā niho. ʻOkoʻa ia mai ke koena o ka dolphin e kona ʻano ʻelua (ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo) waihoʻoluʻu a me ke kaupaona mua ʻole - a i 8-10 mau tona me kahi ulu 10 mika. ʻO ka koi hānai o kēlā me kēia lā mai 50 a 150 kg.
Kaona kohola keʻokeʻo
Ua loaʻa ka inoa o kēia koholā niho mai ka ʻohana narwhal mai ka ʻili, a keʻokeʻo i ka wā ma mua o ka hiki i ka holoholona ke hānau. ʻAʻole hiki ke hānau ma mua o 3-5 mau makahiki, a ma mua o kēia makahiki e loli ke kala o nā koholā beluga: pena ʻia nā koholā hānau hou i ka uliuli polū a me ka uliuli, ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki - i ka polū hina a hina. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā koholā keʻokeʻo wahine ma mua o nā kāne, maʻamau i 6 mau mika ka lōʻihi me 2 tone o ke kaupaona.
Kaumaha keiki i ka wā hānau
Ke hānau ʻia, he 2-3 mau tona o ke koena kohola koholā me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 6-9 mau mika. I kēlā me kēia lā, mahalo i ka momona momona o ka waiū o ka makuahine (40-50%), ʻoi aku kona kaumaha he 50 kg, inu ʻoi aku ma mua o 90 liters o kēia huahana waiwai i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole hele mai ka cub mai ka poli o ka makuahine no 7 mau mahina, ke loaʻa nei iā 23 tone e kēia makahiki.
Mea nui! I ka manawa o ka hoʻololi i ka hānai kūʻokoʻa, ulu ka ʻō koholā ʻōpio a 16 m, a i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua, ke kaupaona ʻia ka 20-mika "pēpē" 45-50 mau tona. E hoʻokokoke ʻo ia i ke kaupaona makua a me ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 4,5 mau makahiki, ke hiki iā ia iho ke hānau keiki.
ʻO ke koholā fin pēpē, i kaupaona ʻana he 1.8 mau tona a me 6.5 m ka lōʻihi, kau iki ma hope o ka kohola polū hānau hou. Hānai ka wahine iā ia me ka waiū no ʻeono mau mahina, a hiki i ka pālua ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke keiki.
ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo kaupaona
Ua hele nā poʻo inoa āpau i kēia maʻa i nā koholā polū, akā ʻoiai ua hopu ʻia nā pilikua i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia i hala, ʻaʻohe 100% maopopo i ka hilinaʻi o nā ana.
Aia he hōʻike e ʻike ʻia ma 1947 kahi koholā polū e paona ana he 190 mau tona i hopu ʻia ma kahi o South Georgia (kahi mokupuni ma ʻAkelanika Hema). Ua hopu ʻia nā koholā, e pili ana i kā lākou mau moʻolelo waha, a me kahi hiʻohiʻona i huki ai ma mua o 181 mau tona.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea ʻoiaʻiʻo loa nā hōʻike o ka hopu ʻia ma 1926 kokoke i nā South Shetland Islands (ʻAkelanika) o kahi wahine 33 mika i luaʻi, nona ke kaupaona i kokoke i 176.8 tone.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻōlelo mai nā alelo ʻino ʻaʻole kekahi i kaupaona i kēia champion, akā ua helu ʻia kā lākou nui, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, ma ka maka. I hoʻokahi manawa, ʻakaʻaka ka laki i ka poʻe koholā Soviet, nāna i pepehi i kahi kohola polū he 30 mika, ke kaupaona ʻia he 135 mau tona, kokoke i nā ʻAle Aleutian i 1964.
ʻO nā ʻoiaʻiʻo kūpaʻa kohola
Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka lolo nui loa ma ka honua (i nā huaʻōlelo paʻa, ʻaʻole pili i ka nui o ke kino) e kaena i kahi koholā sperm, nona ka "mea hina" e ʻaneʻane 7.8 kg.
I ka kī ʻana i kahi kohola sperm he 16 mika, ua ʻike ka ʻepekema i ka nui o ke kaupaona o nā mea o loko.
- ake - emi iki ma mua o 1 tone;
- ʻaoʻao digestive 0.8 t (me ka lōʻihi 256 m);
- nā puʻupaʻa - 0.4 t;
- māmā - 376 kg;
- puʻuwai - 160 kg.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke alelo o kahi koholā polū (me ka mānoanoa o 3 mika) he 3 mau tona - ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi ʻelepani ʻEpelika. Hiki i nā kanalima mau kānaka ke kū i ka manawa like ma ka papa o ke alelo.
ʻIke ʻia nō hiki i ka kohola polū ke pōloli (inā pono) a hiki i 8 mau mahina, akā ke komo i kahi wahi waiwai i ka plankton, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻai me ka ʻole o ke keakea, komo i 3 mau tona o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka luaʻi ka mea maʻa mau ma 1 a i 2 mau tona o ka meaʻai.
Ua ana ʻia nā ʻona o nā koholā polū a loaʻa i kēia ʻikepili:
- huina nui o ke koko - 10 tone (me ke anawaena dorsal o 40 cm);
- ake - 1 tona;
- puʻuwai - 0.6-0.7 tone;
- wahi waha - 24 m2 (lumi liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi lumi).
Hoʻohui ʻia, ua ʻike nā ketologists i nā koholā hema ka nui o nā genital kamahaʻo i waena o nā holoholona o ka honua, nona nā testicle e kau ana ma kahi o ka hapalua o ke tona (1% o ke kaumaha o ke kino). Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kaumaha o nā testicle o nā koholā hema e hōʻea i 1 ton (2% o ka nui), ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka peni he 4 mika, a ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu hoʻokahi ʻana o ka semen ma mua o 4 liters.
