ʻO ka hulu o ke koʻokoʻo, i ʻike ʻia a puni ka honua ʻo ka beaver Kanada, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kālā aupuni. I loko o nā hale kūʻai ma Kanada, ua kūʻai ʻia kahi ʻili no nā kāmaʻa kāne a i ʻole i ke galani o ka lama, kahi pahi, a i ʻole ʻehā puna, kahi hainaka, a i ʻole 1.5 mau paona o ka pauda.
Ka wehewehe o ka beaver Kanada
He like loa ʻo Castor canadensis me kona hoahānau (beaver maʻamau) i manaʻo ʻia he ʻāpana o ia a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana o nā genististist i ka ʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka karyotype o ka beaver muliwai he 48 mau chromosome, ʻokoʻa i ka mea Kanada me 40 chromosome. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hāpai i waena o nā laha.
Helehelena
ʻOi aku ka pipi ʻo Kanada i ka beaver ma mua o Eurasian... He poʻo pōkole kona (me nā auricle poepoe) a me kahi umauma ākea. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi holoholona makua, e ulu ana a 0.9-1.2 m, kokoke i 30-32 kg.
ʻO ka hulu o kahi rodent semi-aquatic, ʻo ia hoʻi nā huluhulu pale a me kahi silky lahilahi i lalo, ʻaʻole ia he nani wale nō, akā pale pū kekahi. ʻO ka beaver he kala ʻeleʻele - ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula (ʻeleʻele nā lālā a me ka huelo). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manamana wāwae e nā membrane ʻauʻau, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ma nā wāwae hope a emi iki hoʻi ma mua.
Hoihoi ia! Hūnā ʻia nā glands mua anal e hana i ka castoreum ma lalo o ka huelo. Kāhea pinepine ʻia kēia mea pilau (kokoke i ke kūlike i ke one pulu) he jet jet. He ʻala musk me ka momona o ke kalo ka nui o ka pala.
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka huelo (20-25 cm) ākea - mai 13 a 15 cm. Me he mea lā e hoe me kahi pulu kiko ʻole a uhi ʻia me nā scute horny, ma waena e haki nā lauoho koʻikoʻi. I ka Middle Ages, ua kāpae ke akamai ka hale pule Kakolika i ka pāpā ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i ka wā e hoʻokē ʻai ana ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka beaver (no ka huelo scaly) i ka iʻa. Nanea nā kāhuna i ka ʻai ʻana i kaʻiʻo e like me ka puaʻa.
Nui nā incisors o ka beaver, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea kiʻekiʻe (2-2.5 cm ka lōʻihi a 0.5 cm ākea) - me kā lākou kōkua e wili i ka lāʻau paʻakikī. Kūleʻa nā maka a paʻa pono. ʻO ka beaver kahi kolu, he ʻōnohi maka aniani e pani i nā aniani palekana ke hana i lalo o ka wai. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā pepeiao a me nā puka ihu i ka nohona, kahi hiki ke pani ke komo ka beaver i loko o ka wai.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
ʻEleu ka hana a nā beaver Kanada i ka pō a me ka pō. Manaʻo lākou i ka liʻiliʻi o ka hilinaʻi ma ka ʻāina, no laila lilo lākou i mau manawa i loko a i ʻole kokoke i ka wai. Hiki lākou i lalo o ka wai ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapahā o ka hola. Hoʻokele kahi kolone (ʻohana ʻohana) o nā beaver i kāna papahele a 0.8 km ke anawaena. Kaha ʻia nā palena o ka ʻāina me kahi kahawai beaver, nāna e hoʻoinu i nā puʻu kūikawā o ka silt a me ka lepo. Ma waho o ka pūnaewele kahi mākaʻikaʻi i kipa ʻia a hiki i ka 0.4 km ākea.
Hoihoi ia! I ka ʻike ʻana i ka makaʻu, paʻi ikaika nā beaver i ko lākou huelo i ka wai, akā wahaheʻe pinepine ka hōʻailona: hoʻohana pū nā beaver ulu i ka hahau i ka wai i kā lākou pāʻani.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻole nā mākua i ka pāʻani pū kekahi me kekahi, e laʻa me ka hana ʻana i ka mokomoko freestyle. ʻAʻole i lohi nā keiki ma hope o ko lākou mau mākua, ke kolo pinepine nei i nā mea kahiko. No nā beaver, naso-nasal (ihu-i-ihu) pili, pili ʻelua a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hulu kahi ʻano.
Hale
He kūlana maikaʻi ko Beavers ma ke ʻano he mea kūkulu hale maikaʻi a me nā mea kūʻai lāʻau: hoʻopili lākou i kēia mau mākau i ke kūkulu ʻana i ko lākou mau home ponoʻī - nā lua a me nā hale. ʻO ka beaver Kanada, ʻokoʻa ka beaver maʻamau, ʻaʻole ola iki i nā lua, makemake e kūkulu i nā keʻena - nā mokupuni lana (a hiki i 10 m ke anawaena) mai nā lālā i sima ʻia e ka honua a me ka silt. I nā hale, e piʻi ana i 1-3 mau mika i ke kiʻekiʻe, noho ka poʻe beaver i ka pō, peʻe mai nā ʻenemi a mālama i nā lako hoʻoilo.
Lawe pinepine ʻia ka plastering (e uhi ana i nā hale me ka honua) kokoke i ke aniau anuanu, e waiho ana i kahi puka liʻiliʻi no ka ea ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao luna a kau i ka lalo me nā ʻāpana, ka ʻili a me ka mauʻu. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wahi noho i loko o nā hale, akā ma luna o ka wai. ʻO ka puka o ka hale i lalo mau o ka wai: e komo i loko o ka hale, pono e luʻu ka beaver.
Ohana
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ma USA a me Kanada ma ka beaver Kanada, ua noho ʻia ka piko o ka pyramid kaiaulu e kahi kāne male (i ka beaver muliwai, ke kāne makua), a ʻo ka ʻāpana maʻalahi ka ʻohana / kolone. ʻO kēlā hui he 2 a 12 mau kānaka - he mau mākua a me kā lāua mau keiki, e like me nā makahiki a me nā underyearlings (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā beaver ʻelua makahiki). Ma waho aʻe o nā hui ʻohana, i nā heluna lehulehu o ka beaver Kanada, ʻike ʻia nā kānaka hoʻokahi (15-20%) ʻaʻohe o lākou hoa ola a i ʻole kīpē i kā lākou ʻaoʻao pilikino.
Hoihoi ia! I kekahi manawa hoʻāʻo nā kāne ʻohana i ke kūlana o ka poʻe mehameha: hiki kēia i Iulai - ʻAukake a me ʻApelila, ke nānā iki lākou i loko o nā hale i noho ai kā lākou keiki a wahine.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka noho ʻana o nā beaver ʻohana i kahi puʻuhonua maʻamau a hana i ka papahana like, ʻaʻole i hoʻohui ʻia kā lākou mau hana i kekahi ʻano. Mālama kēlā me kēia beaver i kahi hoʻolālā pākahi - e kua ʻana i nā kumulāʻau, ʻohiʻohi ʻana i nā lālā no ka mahiʻai a hoʻōla hou paha i kahi wai. He maluhia nā pilina ma waena o ke kolone a ʻaʻole piʻi iki i nā hakakā.
Pāpā wahine
Ma ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mau hale neaa (mai nā lāʻau i hāʻule, nā lālā, nā mea kanu mauʻu, nā pōhaku a me ka honua), ua hoʻonohonoho nā beaver Kanada i kekahi mau moʻolelo.
No laila, ma Wood Buffalo National Park, kūkulu nā rodents i kahi pāpālua nunui 0.85 km ka lōʻihi, i ʻike maopopo ʻia ma nā kiʻi mai kahi ākea. Kūkulu ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi iki (0.7 km) e nā koʻokoʻo ma ka muliwai ʻo Jefferson ma Montana - hiki i ka dam ke kū i kahi hoʻoholo a me kahi lio.
He nui nā hana nui a ka dam.
- pale i nā beaver mai nā mea ʻinoʻino;
- hoʻoponopono i ka pae a me ka wikiwiki o kēia au;
- kū i ka ʻaʻai ʻana o ka lepo;
- hoʻemi i ka nui o nā kahawai;
- hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka iʻa, moa wai a me nā meaola wai ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole ʻokiʻoki nā Beavers i nā kumulāʻau e ulu ana ma mua o 120 m mai ke kahakai, akā inā he nui ka makemake e halihali lākou i nā pahu a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole nā mea paʻa ʻo Beaver nā mea paʻa: pili loa ko lākou ola i ke kū ʻana o nā beaver i ka waihona. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā holoholona e kūkulu / hoʻoponopono i ko lākou mau wahi i ka hāʻule i mea e loaʻa ai ka hau.
Ma ke ʻano he lālā, komo nā lālā āpau o ke kolone i ka hana kūkulu, akā mālama nā kāne kāne makua i nā mea hoʻonani a me nā hoʻoponopono nui.... Ua ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, ʻaʻole pani pinepine nā beaver, akā hoʻonui pū i nā lua i hana ʻia e nā otters.
Mahalo i kēia ana, hiki i nā rodents ke komo wikiwiki i nā kumu lāʻau i lalo i lalo, hoʻonui i ke kahe o ka oxygen ma lalo o ka wai a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka pae wai i ka waihona.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā beaver Kanada?
Hāʻule ke ola ola i ka nāhelehele i waena o 10-19 mau makahiki, inā ʻaʻohe mea ʻaihue, kahu holoholona, maʻi a me nā ulia pōpilikia.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Kūlike ʻole i kona inoa, ʻike ʻia ka Bea Bea ma Kanada wale nō. Uhi ka ʻāpana i:
- ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, koe wale no ka hapa nui o Kaleponi, Florida a me Nevada, a me nā kapakai hikina, ʻākau, a me ʻākau hikina o Alaska;
- ʻĀkau o Mekiko (ma ka palena me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa);
- Nā ʻāina Skandinavia;
- ʻO ka moku ʻo Leningrad a me Karelia, kahi i komo ai ka beaver mai Pinilana;
- ʻO Kamchatka, ka ipu Amur a me Sakhalin (hoʻolauna ʻia).
ʻO nā wahi maʻamau nā kahakai o nā wai kahe mālie, e like me nā muliwai ulu lāʻau, nā loko a me nā kahawai (kekahi mau loko iʻa.
ʻO ka papaʻai beaver Kanada
ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā ʻōpū o ka beaver Eurasia ma mua o ko ka Kanada, kahi e ʻae ai i ka mea hope ke ʻai i ka meaʻai coarser. ʻO nā microorganism e noho nei i loko o ke kōpū e hoʻopiha i ka digestion o cellulose, ʻaʻole i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā holoholona.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka beaver Kanada me nā mea kanu e like me:
- nā mea kanu lau nahele (ma luna o 300 mau ʻano);
- ʻākala;
- willow and birch;
- poplar a me aspen;
- beech, maple a me alder.
I nā kumulāʻau, ʻai ka ʻaihue i ka ʻili a me ka cambium (kahi papa kūikawā ma waena o ka lāʻau a me ka bast). ʻAi ka beaver i ka 20% o kona kaupaona ponoʻī i kēlā me kēia lā. He mea mau no nā beaver ke kūkulu i nā lako meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo ma ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i loko o ka loko iʻa. I nā zoo, hānai pinepine ʻia nā holoholona i ka ʻai rodent, nā lettuce, nā kāloti a me nā uhi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He mau ʻenemi ko ka beaver Kanada: makaʻala mau ia a, ke ʻike nei i ka weliweli, hiki i ke komo i loko o ka wai. Aia nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā maʻi i kahi kūlana nāwaliwali loa, i hoʻouka ʻia e nā mea hoʻomake ulu lāʻau.
- bea (ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele);
- lynx;
- ʻīlio hae;
- ʻīlio hae;
- coyotes;
- otter;
- martens.
ʻO ka exterminator nui o ka beaver, kūpaʻa paʻa a me ka hilinaʻi o nā maunu, he kāne... ʻO kahi hana make i ka hopena o ka Bea Beaver i hoʻokani ʻia e kona huluhulu kupaianaha, a me nā ʻaʻahu kūikawā, ua lilo ia i mea ʻike ʻia mai ka lauoho beaver.
Mai laila mai i humuhumu ʻia ai nā pāpale paʻa, me nā pāpale i hoʻokani ʻia ʻo Napoleonic, nā pāpale wahine maikaʻi a me nā pāpale mua. Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā pāpale Beaver ma ke ʻano he moʻomeheu unconditional mai ka makuakāne a ke keiki.
Hoihoi ia! Ua ʻimi ʻia nā rodents mai ka wā waena, a ua pau me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā beaver o ka muliwai e ka makahiki 17. Ua ʻeha pū kekahi ka lehulehu Lūkini, no laila ke kumu i eo ai ko mākou ʻāina i ka inoa o ke kapikala huluhulu o ka honua.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kahi holoholona a nā dandies ʻEulopa "makua ʻole" i hoʻololi ai inā ʻaʻole no nā lono e pili ana i nā beaver o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. He mau kaukani manuahi manuahi a me nā ʻauwaʻa nui i hele aku i Kanada mamao: ua hala aku nei i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19, ua kūʻai ʻia aku he 0.5 miliona mau ʻili beaver ma nā kūkālā huluhulu ma Edinburgh a me Ladana.
Ma ke ala, ʻo New Amsterdam, a ua kapa hou ʻia ma New York, ʻo ia ke kikowaena o ke kālepa huluhulu beaver mai kona hoʻokumu ʻana.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Mākaukau ka Bea Beaver e hana hou i kona makahiki ʻekolu o ke ola. Manaʻo ʻia he monogamous kēia ʻano, a ʻike ʻia kahi hoa hou ma hope wale nō o ka make ʻana o ka mea ma mua.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka manawa o ke kau male e ka laulā: Nowemapa - Kekemapa i ka hema a Ianuali - Pepeluali i ka ʻākau. He 105-107 mau lā ka hāpai ʻana o ka hāpai ʻana, pau me ka hānau ʻana o 1-4 mau pēpē i ʻike maka ʻia i uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha.
Kaupaona nā Cubs mai 0.25 a 0.6 kg a ma hope o hoʻokahi lā a ʻelua paha hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau... Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, mālama ka ʻohana beaver holoʻokoʻa i nā keiki hānau hou, me nā beaver hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO nā kāne makua, no ka laʻana, lawe mai i nā meaʻai twig i nā pēpē, ʻoiai ua lawa koke lākou (ma 1.5-2 mau wiki) e hoʻololi i ka meaʻai paʻa, me ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana i ka waiū o ka makuahine no ʻekolu mau mahina.
Ke kolo nei nā Beavers mai kā lākou mau lua ma kahi o 2–4 mau pule, e ukali ana ma muli o ka hahai ʻana i ko lākou makuahine a me nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. I ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi kahua hānai pilikino, ola hou ka ʻōpio i ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope, ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻimi no ka pia Kanada ma mua o ka beaver Eurasia, ua ʻoi aku ka pōmaikaʻi o ka mea mua - ua emi nui ka wahi o ka heluna kanaka, akā ua emi ka ʻeha a ka poʻe koʻekoʻe. Ua pepehi ʻia nā beaver Kanada ʻaʻole wale no ko lākou huluhulu a me ka ʻiʻo, akā no ka unuhi ʻia ʻana o ke kahawai beaver, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea ʻala a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hoihoi ia! Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ʻo ke aliʻi ʻo Solomon ke hoʻopakele nei iā ia iho mai nā maʻi poʻo me ka jet beaver. I kēia manawa, kēnā nā mea hoʻōla kanaka i ke kahawai o ka beaver ma ke ʻano he lāʻau antispasmodic a me ka lāʻau hoʻohiamoe.
ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka beaver Kanada he 10-15 miliona, ʻoiai ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā kolone o ʻEulopa i ʻAmelika Hema, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā beaver ma aneʻi. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe o ke koʻokoʻo i kahi laha pale ʻia, kahi i kōkua nui ʻia e ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me nā hana palekana kaiapuni..
I kekahi mau wahi, mālama ʻia nā beaver me ke akahele, no ka mea, ʻo ko lākou mau kūpuna ke kumu o ke kahe ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lāʻau flores kahakai Ma ka laulā, he hopena maikaʻi ko ka Kanada beaver i nā biotopes kahakai / wai, e hana ana i nā kūlana no ka mālama ʻana i nā meaola he nui.
