ʻO nā ʻelepani (Еleрhantidae) nā mea mammal i pili i ke kaʻina o ka proboscis. ʻO ka holoholona ʻāina nui loa nā holoholona hānai holoholona, no laila ke kumu o ka papa ʻai a ka ʻelepani e hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole.
ʻO ka papaʻai i ka nohona kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻelepani nā mammals ʻāina nui nui e noho ana i ka honua, a ua lilo ko lākou wahi i ʻelua mau ʻāina: ʻo ʻApelika a me ʻAsia. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka ʻelepani ʻApelika a me ʻAsia ua hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano o nā pepeiao, ke kū a me ka nui o nā pū, akā e nā ʻano ʻē i ka papaʻai. ʻO ke kumu, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka papaʻai o nā ʻelepani āpau.... ʻAi ka mammal ʻāina nui i ka mauʻu, lau, ʻili a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, a me nā aʻa o nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole a me nā ʻano hua like ʻole.
Hoihoi ia! No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, hoʻohana nā ʻelepa i kahi mea hana kūlohelohe - kahi kumu, kahi e hiki ai ke wāwahi ʻia nā mea kanu mai ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o nā kumu lāʻau a pili pono i ka honua a huki ʻia paha mai ka lei aliʻi.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ke kino o ka ʻelepani ʻĀkia a me ʻApelika e assimilates ʻaʻole ma mua o 40% o ka nui o nā mea kanu āpau i ʻai ʻia i ka lā. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai ka mea nui i loko o ke ola o ia mammal. ʻO kahi laʻana, i mea e lawa ai ka meaʻai nona iho, hiki i kahi ʻelepani ʻApelika makua ke hele wāwae ma kahi o 400-500 km. Akā no nā ʻelepani ʻĀkia a ʻInia paha, kūlohelohe ka hana neʻe.
Noho nā ʻelepani India Herbivorous ma kahi o iwakālua mau hola i ka lā e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai a me ka hānai ʻana. I nā hola o ke ao wela loa, hoʻāʻo ka ʻelepa e hūnā i ka malu, i ʻae ai ka holoholona i ka wela nui. ʻO nā mea ʻano ʻē o ka nohona o ka ʻelepani India e wehewehe nei i ke ʻano o kāna meaʻai i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
No ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka mauʻu i pōkole loa, hoʻokuʻu mua ka ʻelepani a ʻeli paha i ka lepo, hahau ikaika me nā wāwae. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili mai nā lālā nui me nā molara, ʻoiai ka lālā o ka mea kanu ponoʻī e paʻa ʻia e ka kumu.
I nā makahiki pōloli a maloʻo hoʻi, makemake nui nā ʻelepani e luku i nā mea kanu mahiʻai. ʻO nā mea kanu laiki, a me nā hua maiʻa a me nā māla i lūlū ʻia me ke kō, ʻeha mau ʻia i nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana o kēia māmala lāʻau. ʻO kēia ke kumu o nā ʻelepani i kēia lā i waena o nā "pest" ahupuaʻa nui loa e pili ana i ka nui o ke kino a me ka momona.
ʻO ka meaʻai ke mālama ʻia i ka pio
Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei nā elepani ʻĀiwi a ʻĀkia paha i kēia manawa no ka luku ʻia, no laila mālama pinepine ʻia ia mau holoholona i nā wahi i pale ʻia a i ʻole nā pāka zoological. I ke kūlohelohe a me ka paʻa pio, noho nā ʻelepani i nā hui kaiaulu paʻakikī, kahi e mālama ʻia ai nā mea paʻa paʻa, kahi e kōkua ai i ke kaʻina hana a me ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona. Ke mālama ʻia i ka pio, loaʻa i ka mammal ka nui o nā greenery a me ka mauʻu. ʻO ka papaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā o kahi herbivore nui e pono me nā aʻa aʻa, nā berena maloʻo o ka berena keʻokeʻo, kāloti, nā poʻo kāpeti a me nā huaʻai.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kekahi o nā mea punahele a ka ʻelepani India a me ʻApelika pū kekahi i ka maiʻa, a me nā kuki haʻahaʻa-calorie a me nā mea ʻono ʻē aʻe.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea leʻaleʻa, ʻaʻole ʻike ka ʻelepa i ke ana, no laila, maʻalahi lākou i ka ʻai nui a me ka loaʻa wikiwiki ʻana, a he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka olakino o ka holoholona. I kēia hihia, loaʻa i ka holoholona proboscis kahi ʻano kūlohelohe i hōʻike ʻia e kahi hele wobbly a i ʻole apathy me ka nalo ʻole o ka makemake.
He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i nā ʻelepani e noho nei i nā kūlohelohe, nā ʻano kūlohelohe e neʻe nui a ikaika loa... I mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai kūpono e mālama ai i ke ola a mālama i ke olakino, hiki i kahi mammal ke hele i kahi mamao i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka lawe pio ʻana, hoʻonele ʻia ka holoholona i kēia manawa kūpono, no laila, pinepine nā ʻelepani i nā zoo i nā pilikia me ke kaupaona a me ka ʻōnaehana digestive.
Hānai ka zoo i ka ʻelepani ma kahi o ʻelima a ʻeono paha manawa i ka lā, a ʻo ka papaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā o ka māmala ma ka Moscow Zoological Park e hōʻike ʻia e nā huahana nui aʻe:
- nā pulumi mai nā lālā lāʻau - ma kahi o 6-8 kg;
- ka mauʻu a me ka mauʻu me nā mea hoʻohui i mauʻu - ma kahi o 60 kg;
- oats - ma kahi o 1-2 kg;
- ʻoatmeal - ma kahi o 4-5 kg;
- bran - ma kahi o 1 kg;
- nā hua e hōʻike ʻia e nā pears, nā ʻāpala a me ka maiʻa - ma kahi o 8 kg;
- kāloti - ma kahi o 15 kg;
- kāpiki - ma kahi o 3 kg;
- beets - ma kahi o 4-5 kg.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o ke kauwela-kauwela a ka ʻelepani i loko o nā melemona a me nā ʻuala i hoʻolapalapa ʻole ʻia. ʻO nā huaʻai a me nā lau i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi māmele e ʻoki pono ʻia a laila kāwili maikaʻi ʻia me ka palaoa mauʻu a ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi paha i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a me ka mauʻu. ʻO ka hopena o ka hui ʻana o ka nutrient e hoʻopuehu ʻia ma luna o ka wahi āpau o ka pā.
ʻO kēia ʻano hana hānai e ʻae i nā holoholona e neʻe ikaika i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻāpana momona o ka meaʻai, a hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻi i ka helu o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka meaʻai e nā ʻelepani.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kaʻina hana omo
He nui nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻōnaehana digestive o ka elephant, a ʻo ka lōʻihi loa o ke kahawai digestive āpau o kēia mammal ma kahi o kanakolu mika.... Komo mua nā mea kanu āpau i ka waha o ka holoholona, kahi ma nā niho niho ākea. ʻAʻohe o nā ʻelepani i nā incisors a me nā canine, i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ia holoholona i mau tusks nui e ulu a puni ko lākou ola.
Hoihoi ia! I ka wā hānau, ua kapa ʻia nā ʻelepani i nā kua waiū, i panai ʻia e nā mea mau i ka piha ʻana o ʻeono mahina a hoʻokahi makahiki, a he ʻano kūlohelohe ke ʻano o nā wahine i ka hoʻomāule loa a i ʻole hele pū.
I loko o ka wā holoʻokoʻa o ke ola, hoʻololi ka ʻelepani i ʻeono mau set, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā molar me kahi ʻāpana paʻakikī, kahi mea e pono ai no ka nau pono ʻana i nā mea ulu o nā mea kanu. I ke kaʻina o ka nau ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻoneʻe ka ʻelepani i kona ā i mua a i waho.
A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻo ka meaʻai i nau pono ʻia, hoʻomaʻū ʻia me ka lawai, komo i kahi esophagus pōkole, a laila i loko o ka ʻōpū monocameral, e pili ana i ka ʻōpū. Hana ʻia nā hana fermentation ma loko o ka ʻōpū, a komo wale kahi ʻāpana o ka meaʻai i ke kolona a me ke cecum, ma lalo o ka mana o ka microflora koʻohune. ʻO ka manawa noho maʻamau o nā meaʻai i loko o ka gastrointestinal tract o kahi lāʻau hānai mammalian ʻokoʻa mai hoʻokahi lā a i ʻelua mau lā.
Ehia mau meaʻai e pono ai ka ʻelepani i kēlā me kēia lā
ʻO ka ʻelepani India a ʻĀkia paha ka hapa nui o kahi ulu lāʻau, kahi mea maʻalahi e loaʻa a hoʻohana i ka lako meaʻai. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mammal nui e noho i nā ululāʻau ululāʻau liʻiliʻi a subtropical, ʻike ʻia e ke kū ʻana o kahi ulu ulu ākea, i hōʻike ʻia e nā kumulāʻau like ʻole, me kaʻohe.
E hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i ka wā ma mua, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau anuanu, hiki i nā ʻelepani ke komo i nā ʻāpana steppe i ka lehulehu, akā i kēia manawa ua lilo ia mau neʻe ʻana i nā mālama kūlohelohe wale nō, no ka mea ua aneane hoʻololi ʻia ka steppes i nā ʻāina mahiʻai i hoʻomohala ʻia e ke kanaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
I ke kauwela, neʻe nā ʻelepani ma nā pali ulu lāʻau, ke hele i nā ʻāina mauna, kahi e hāʻawi ʻia ai ka holoholona i ka meaʻai lawa. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka nui o ka nui, pono ka mammal i kahi lako meaʻai nui, no laila ke kaʻina o ka hānai ʻana i kahi ʻelepani i kahi wahi i kākaʻikahi wale i ka ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lā.
ʻAʻole pili nā ʻelepani ʻApelika a me ʻAsia i ka mahele o nā holoholona ʻāina, akā hoʻāʻo lākou e pili pono i nā palena o kā lākou wahi hānai. No hoʻokahi kāne makua, ʻo ka nui o ia pūnaewele ma kahi o 15 km², a no nā wahine wahine aloha - ma loko o 30 km ², akā hiki i nā palena ke hoʻonui i ka nui i nā kau maloʻo a hua ʻole hoʻi.
ʻO ka awelika o ka nui o nā meaʻai e ʻai ʻia e kahi ʻelepani makua he 150-300 kg, i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano mea kanu mea kanu like ʻole, a i ʻole ma kahi o 6-8% o ka nui o ke kino o ka māmaki. No ka hoʻopihapiha piha o nā minelala i ke kino, hiki i nā herbivores ke ʻimi i nā paʻakai kūpono i ka lepo.
Ehia mau wai e pono ai ka ʻelepani i kēlā me kēia lā
I ka wā i hala iho nei, ua hana nā ʻelepani ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe i nā neʻe wā lōʻihi, a ʻo ka nui o nā neʻe ʻana he 10 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi, a ua kipa ʻia me kahi kipa mandatory i nā kumu wai maoli. Eia nō naʻe, ua hana ka hana a ke kanaka i kēia neʻe ʻana o nā mammal nui a aneane hiki ʻole ke pau, no laila ua lilo ka hemo ʻana o ka wai i pilikia nui loa no nā holoholona hihiu.
Inu nui nā holoholona Proboscis, a pono i hoʻokahi ʻelepani makua ma kahi o 125-150 liters o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā e hālāwai me nā pono nui.... I nā wā maloʻo loa, ke maloʻo nā kumu wai i loaʻa i ka waiū, hele ʻo ka holoholona e ʻimi i ka momona o ke ola. Me ke kōkua o kahi kumu a me kahi tusk, ʻeli ʻia nā lua mika i nā moena kahawai maloʻo, kahi e kahe mālie ai ka wai o ka ʻāina.
Mea nui! ʻO nā lua wai i hana ʻia e nā ʻelepani i nā wai maloʻo e lilo pinepine i salutary no nā kamaʻāina savannah ʻē aʻe e inu mai nā waihona kūmau ma hope koke iho o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā ʻelepa..
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā elepani ʻApelika ma mua o nā ʻelepani ʻĀsia a i ʻole ʻInia, no laila e ʻai lākou i nā meaʻai a me nā wai. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, pau ka make wai o ka waiū i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō i ka lā a ʻaʻole nānā nui i nā ʻano maikaʻi o ka wai. Inā waiwai ka papaʻai i ka wai, a laila hiki i ka holoholona ke hana me ka wai ʻole no kekahi mau lā.
Pēlā nō hoʻi, ka mālama ʻana o ka hou i ke kino e hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka hana ʻiʻo ʻana i ka lepo, waiwai i ka mineral a me nā paʻakai.... Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau makahiki maloʻo, makehewa nā hana a pau a ka ʻelepani e ʻimi i ka wai. I kēlā mau makahiki, ua nui ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka elepani ma muli o ka hopena o ka make wai.
