He manu ʻokoʻa ʻo Kedrovka; ua kūkulu ʻia kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo nona i Tomsk. Ua loaʻa iā ia kēia hanohano no ke kōkua ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka kedera Siberian. ʻOiai e mālama ana i nā hua a me nā hua, poina pinepine nā manu iā lākou, a kupu aʻe nā ʻano hua i ka manawa. Kāhea pinepine ʻia ʻo Nutcracker ʻo "ka mea hoʻōla o ka nahele".
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, kaumaha loa nā cones kedera a hāʻule pono ma lalo o ka lāʻau, akā ʻo ka nutcracker ia e kōkua i nā hua e ulu mamao loa mai kā lākou kumu maoli. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā ʻōpio kedera i 8-10 km mai ka ulu lāʻau. E kūkākūkā ʻia kēia manu kupaianaha.
Hōʻike o ka nutcracker
Helehelena
Loaʻa i nā Nutcrackers kahi moekolohe ʻokoʻa, keu hoʻi i nā mākua.... ʻAʻole hiki i kahi loea ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. ʻOkoʻa nā wahine i nā kāne i ka nui, ua liʻiliʻi lākou. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou ʻōmaka ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ke kala o ka plumage nutcracker e ʻae iā lākou e ʻaneʻane hui pū me ke kaiapuni - nā mānoanoa taiga. ʻAʻole nui kēia mau manu, ʻoiai kā lākou hūnā, maʻalahi pinepine lākou i nā mea ʻaihue. Kaumaha ka lele a ka nutcracker, paʻakikī nā ʻeheu. No laila, pono ʻo ia i kahi hoʻomaha ʻoiai ma hope o kahi lele pōkole.
Hoihoi ia! Makemake kēia mau manu e hoʻomaha ma nā lālā maloʻo, kahi e wehe ai kahi ʻike maikaʻi.
No laila, nānā lākou i ko lākou panalāʻau no ke alo o nā mea ʻaihue a malihini paha, me lākou nā hakakā koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka ʻāina i kū pinepine aʻe.
No nā ʻohana corvid ka poʻe Nutcrackers. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau manu ma mua o nā jackdaws a i ʻole nā jays. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nutcracker ma kahi o 30 cm, a ʻo ka huelo, ʻo ka lōʻihi ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 11 knm. ʻO 55 mau cm ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu.
ʻAʻole like me nā corvids ʻē aʻe, ʻeleʻele ka nutcracker, emi iki i ka manawa ʻeleʻele, me nā kiko keʻokeʻo he nui, aia kahi palena keʻokeʻo ma ka huelo. Kaupaona ka wahine nutcracker i ka 150-170 gram, ke kāne 170-190 mau gram. ʻEʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka nuku a me nā wāwae o ka manu.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka lawena
He mea hūnā nā Nutcrackers a he mau manu noho mālie. Kākaʻikahi loa lākou e hāʻawi i kahi leo e like me ke kani ʻana o ka ʻiʻo. ʻO ka mea koe wale nō ka wā moena a me ka manawa o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili hou o nā nati. Inā nāwaliwali ka hua, ʻoi aku ka mālie o nā uē o nā nutcrackers.
Mālama ʻo Nutcracker i nā waihona nut he nui no nā manawa pōloli, a e like me ka ʻepekema, i ke kau mahana loaʻa iā lākou e ka pilau, a i ka hoʻoilo, ke lilo ka uhi o ka hau i mea nui, he mea hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ka hūnā no ka manu.
Hoihoi ia! Manaʻo ʻia he hiki i nā nutcrackers ke hana ma kahi o 50 tausani i kapa ʻia he mau lepe puke i ke ola. Ma hope o kēlā, i nā wahi poina kahi e hūnā ai nā lako meaʻai, ulu nā kumulāʻau i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
Aia kekahi hihia i ʻike ʻia i ka wā e hiki ai ke kiʻi i kahi nutcracker me 165 mau hua i loko o kāna ʻāʻī puʻu. He ukana hoihoi loa kēia, ke noʻonoʻo nei he manu akahai ka nutcracker.
ʻEleu loa kēia mau manu, noho maʻamau i nā pālua a i ʻole mele hoʻokahi, akā i kekahi manawa ʻākoakoa lākou i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi akā walaʻau.... Hana pinepine kēia i ka lele ʻana o nā manu i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO ke aloha no nā nati ka ikaika i loaʻa nā hihia ke kipaku nā nutcrackers i ka protein mai ka kedera, a he nui nā cones i piha i nā nati. Hoʻokumu nā paʻa o nā nutcrackers i ke ola, ʻo ia hoʻi, he monogamous lākou.
ʻO ke ola a me ka ola lōʻihi
ʻAʻole nā manu Nutcrackers i mau manu neʻe. Alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona noho, e hana ana i nā mokulele liʻiliʻi wale nō i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai a me nā ʻāina hou. He poʻe kupa maoli kēia o ke aniau taiga ʻoi loa, hiki iā lākou ke kūpaʻa i nā hau paʻa loa. He manu ʻāina nā Nutcrackers, loaʻa lākou i ka meaʻai ma loko wale nō o nā palena o ko lākou panalāʻau, kahi a lākou e kiaʻi ikaika ai mai nā malihini.
Hoihoi ia! Noho lōʻihi kēia mau manu, kekahi mau kānaka no 10-12 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha. ʻAʻole mālama mau ʻia lākou i ka lawe pio ʻana e like me nā holoholona.
I nā zoo kahi maikaʻi nā kūlana a ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe, hiki iā lākou ke ola a 15 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, kahi noho o ka wōnati
ʻO Nutcracker kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau o ka taiga. Hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā ululāʻau taiga ma Europe a me ʻAsia, mai Scandinavia a me nā kuahiwi i Iapana a me Kina. Makemake kēia manu liʻiliʻi i nā ululāʻau coniferous. Maʻaneʻi e ʻike nā nutcrackers i kā lākou meaʻai nui - nā ʻanoʻano, i loaʻa mai nā pine, spruce a me nā cones cedar.
Me ka loli o ke aniau e kū nei, hiki ke loaʻa ka nutcracker i loko o nā ululāʻau kokoke i Moscow, ʻaʻole ma laila 15-20 mau makahiki i hala. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku kēia o kahi ulia pōpilikia ma mua o kahi kaila. Maliʻa hoʻolauna ʻia nā manu, a ma hope ua aʻa lākou a noho i nā panalāʻau hou.
Meaʻai, ka mea a ka nutcracker ʻai
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai o nā walnuts i hana ʻia i nā ʻano coniferous. I ka wā o ka hana hou a i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana o nā keiki, hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kolo i nā hua hua, a laila hāʻawi iā lākou iho a me nā keiki me ka protein protein. I nā ululāʻau i nā wahi mauna, hoʻololi ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o nā manu i ka kau.
Mai ka hopena o ka pūnāwai a hiki i ke kauwela, nui ka nui o nā meaʻai no nā nutcrackers, nā hua a me nā hua i oʻo, nā ʻano pepelu. Akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā mea āpau, aloha kēia mau manu i nā hua momina paina. ʻIke ʻia hiki i nā nutcrackers ke hoʻopaʻa i nā nati he nui i kā lākou ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu ma mua o kā lākou ʻai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I ka wā o ka pūnana, hana malū kēia manu a aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike aku. Kākaʻikahi loa ka ʻike ʻana i kahi nutcracker i ka pūnana i ka wā incubation.
Mea nui! Mālama nui kēia mau manu e kūkulu i kahi pūnana, e hoʻohana ana i ka limu, nā lau, ka pālolo a me nā lālā ma ke ʻano he hale.
He ikaika loa nā pūnana Nutcrackers a, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, aia lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe o 4-6 m. Akā ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻopakele mau ai i nā mea ʻino hiki ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau, akā pale pono ia mai nā papa honua.
ʻO ka wā hānau a me ka wā pūnana o nā nutcrackers mau mai Malaki a Mei. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i 4-5, i nā manawa kakaikahi he 7 mau hua o ka ʻalani polū māmā me nā kiko ʻalani. ʻO ka manawa incubation he 18-22 mau lā. Hoʻokomo nā mākua ʻelua i ka paʻa i ka lima, ʻae i kēlā me kēia e hoʻomaha a lele no ka meaʻai.
Nutcrackers nā manu monogamous e pālua i ke ola. Lawe kahi kāne a wahine i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki. Ma hope o 3-4 mau pule, ua mākaukau nā moa no ka lele mua ʻana mai ka pūnana. Wahi a nā kūlana manu, hānai mau nā mākua i nā moa ma kahi o 3 mau mahina, a ma hope e haʻalele lākou i ka pūnana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka makaʻi nui loa i nā nutcrackers i ka wā o ka pūnana i pani ʻia e ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe - nā mea ʻai liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. I kēia manawa, lilo nā manu makua i maʻalahi pio, akā ʻo ka pinepine o kā lākou mau moa a i ʻole he paʻa hua. ʻO nā mea ʻaihue weliweli ʻo ka wea, martens, ʻalopeke a me nā pōpoki hihiu.
Mea nui! Ke manaʻo nei he kaumaha ka nutcracker i ka piʻi a lele lohi, ʻaʻohe ona manawa e pakele ai mai nā niho o ka marten a i ka ʻalopeke.
ʻO ka pinepine, lilo nā nutcrackers i mea pio maʻalahi i ka manawa ke ʻeli lākou i nā hua a lākou i mālama ai no ka hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.... A laila lilo ka makaʻala o ka manu, ʻike a lohe maikaʻi ʻole, a lilo i pale ʻole i mua o ke alo o kahi mea ʻino.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO nā ululāʻau Coniferous nā wahi punahele a nā nutcrackers, ʻeha mau lākou i nā ahi kūlohelohe a hana ʻia e ke kanaka, ʻike ʻia lākou i ka hāʻule ʻole ʻana i kaohi, hoʻemi kēia i ka wahi noho o kēia mau manu. Me ke kanalua ʻole, hoʻopili maikaʻi kēia mau mea i ka helu o nā nutcrackers. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka lehulehu o nā nutcrackers a kūpaʻa mau ka helu o kēia mau manu.
