ʻO ka peʻapeʻa pepeiao kolohe (Myotis blythi) no ka ʻohana nihinihi, ka ʻoka ʻōpeʻapeʻa.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o Myotis pepeiao kihi
ʻO Otis pepeiao poit kekahi o nā myotis nui loa. Kaha o ke kino 5.4-8.3 cm. Ka lōʻihi o ka huelo 4.5-6.9 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pepeiao 1.9-2.7 cm. Nā ana o ka mua 5.0-6.6 cm ka lōʻihi. Ua hiki ke kaupaona i 15-36 gram. Kuhi ka pepeiao, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia, pākiki ʻia e kāna apex. Hiki i ka hopena o ka ihu a i ʻole e pā iki ana i mua. Aia he 5-6 i nā pā transverse ma ka lihi waho o ka pepeiao. Kūlou iki ʻia kona lihi o loko. Ka laula waena o ka pepeiao ma kahi o 0.9 knm. Tragus kaulike kaulike i ka piko a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe waena o ka pepeiao. Hoʻopili ka membrane ʻēheu i ka lālā ma ke kumu o ka manamananui o waho.
ʻO nā manamana wāwae ma ka wāwae he lōʻihi, ʻaʻohe hulu. Pōkole ka lauoho: ʻo kona kala ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino he melemele melemele a hina hina. Keokeo ka ʻōpū. Uhi ʻia ka ʻōpeʻape ʻōpio me ka lauoho hina hina. Aia kekahi wahi māmā ma ke poʻo ma waena o nā pepeiao.
Ka hohola ʻana i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa
ʻO ka wahi o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa pepeiao kihi e kukuli mai ʻAkau ʻApelika a me ʻEulopa hema a hiki i Altai, Minor, Komohana a me ʻAkia Waena. Noho kēia ʻano i Palesetina, Nepal, ʻĀkau o Ioredane a me nā ʻāpana o Kina. Loaʻa ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, Pokukala, Palani, Sepania, ʻItalia. A ma ʻAukekulia hoʻi, Kuikilana, Solowakia, Czech Republic, Romania. Nā hua ma Moldova, Ukraine, Balkan Peninsula, ʻIrana a me kahi ʻāpana o Turkey. I Rūsia, noho kēia ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma ke komohana ʻākau o Altai, ma ka Crimea, ma Caucasus.
Ma ke kahakai kaiʻeleʻele, noho ʻo ia i nā ana ma kahi kokoke i Sochi.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ia ma Ciscaucasia mai nā ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Teritori Krasnodar a i Dagestan.
Nā wahi noho o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa kihi kihi
Noho ka moth kuhihewa i ka mauʻu, nā kaiaolaola ʻole a me nā ʻāina anthropogenic, me nā ʻāina mahiʻai a me nā māla. Noho mau nā kolone ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā wahi noho o ka honua: nā mines, nā ana, nā attics o nā hale. Ma Turkey a me Suria, aia lākou i loko o nā hale kahiko loa (nā hale aliʻi, nā hōkele).
Ma waena o Rūsia, pālahalaha ʻia ia i nā wahi kapuwai me kahi kōkua ʻoʻoleʻa, kahi i loaʻa ai nā hale hoʻomalu o ka honua ma lalo, piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 1700 m ma luna o ke kai, akā i ka hoʻoilo, ʻike ʻia i kahi kiʻekiʻe a 2100 mau mika. Noho pinepine i nā chimneys, ma lalo o nā wahi o nā hale pule a me nā hale ʻē aʻe.
Nā kūlike o ke ʻano o ka ʻōpeʻe pepeiao pepeiao
ʻO ka mu i kuhi ʻia i ke kauwela nā kolone brood i loaʻa i kekahi mau tausani mau kānaka. Hana ia i nā neʻe kau ʻana ma nā wahi pōkole ma waena o 60 - 70 kilomita, ʻoi loa 160. No ka hoʻoilo, noho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā ana lalo, nā hale noho o lalo, hōʻiliʻili ʻia i hoʻokahi wahi hoʻomalu i nā nui. Noho ke ʻōpeʻapeʻa pepeiao pepeiao i ke kūlohelohe no 13 mau makahiki.
Hana ʻia ʻo Hibernation ma kahi mahana wela mau - mai 6 a 12 ° C. ʻIke ka ʻōpeʻ pepeiao pepeiao kolohe i nā wahi ākea, hopu i nā kolo ma waena o nā nāhelehele, ma luna o nā alanui a me nā loko.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa
Hana ʻia ka male ma Pointed Myotis mai ʻAukake a hiki i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻopiʻi hoʻokahi keiki bipi i ka hopena o Mei a i ʻole Iune mua. Hānai nā wahine i nā keiki me ka waiū ma kahi o 50 mau lā. I ke kauwela, noho ʻo Pointed Myotis i nā hui liʻiliʻi a i ʻole mele, hūnā i nā attics a ma lalo o nā alahaka i ke ao.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻoilo i ʻOkakopa a pau i ʻApelila. I nā ana volumous a haʻalele i nā hoʻolaha, pili nā holoholona i ke kaupaku a me nā paia o nā hale paʻahao.
E hōʻemi i ka helu o ka pepeiao pepeiao
ʻO ka emi o ka helu o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma muli o ka nele o nā hoʻoilo kūpono a me nā wahi hoʻomaha o ke kauwela. Pono nā kolona brood i nā ana a mehana, akā ʻano laha ʻole kēlā ʻano kūlohelohe. ʻO ke kūkulu hou ʻana i nā alahaka o ke alanui a me nā hana hou e hoʻopōʻino ai i nā wahi hoʻomaha o ke kauwela kahi e peʻe nei ʻo myotis. Wahi a nā nānā lōʻihi, i lawe ʻia i nā wahi he nui, ʻaʻole pili ka helu o nā poʻe hoʻoilo i kekahi hopohopo.
Nā ana no ka pale ʻana o ka ʻōpeʻ pepeiao kuhi kuhi
E mālama i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa pepeiao pepeiao, nā ana o Bolshaya Fanagoriskaya, Kanyon, Neizma, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Popov i ke kūlana o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo kūlohelohe. ʻO nā wahi o ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa pepeiao pepeiao i nā ana ʻo Ambitsugova, Setenai, Arochnaya, Dedova Yama, Gun'kina-4, Besleneevskaya, Chernorechenskaya, a me kahi hoʻolaha haʻalele i kokoke i ke kauhale ʻo Derbentskaya, pono ka palekana. Pono ia e pale i nā puka komo i kēia mau lua, e hoʻonohonoho i ko lākou pale ʻana mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai o nā mākaʻikaʻi. E hana i kahi mālama ʻāina i kēia mau wahi, kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai he ʻumikūmālua mau hanana karst ma ke kualapa o ke Kai ʻEleʻele.
ʻO ka myotis pepeiao pepeiao i ka Red Data Book o ka Russian Federation no ka mahele o "nā ʻano hoʻēmi", ka helu o nā kānaka e emi ana ma lalo o ka mana o ka mana anthropogenic. I ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o IUCN, aia nā Myotis i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā papa inoa o nā ʻano laha e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei e ka make o ka heluna o ka honua.
Ke ʻai nei i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa
Nui ke aloha nā moth pepeiao kihi. I hoʻokahi pāʻina, luku kahi ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā palaoa he 50-60, a ʻo ka nui a hiki i 60% o kona kaumaha o ke kino.
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻai ka myotis i nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi e pono ai ke loaʻa.
Hānai nui lākou i nā pepelu, hānai iā Orthoptera a me nā pulelehua.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka pio
Mālama ʻia nā pulelehua kolohe i ka pio. No ke ola ʻana o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, pono pono e mālama i kahi regimen hibernation e mau ana mai 4 a 8 mau pule o ka makahiki. Eia hou, koi ʻia e pili pono i ka papaʻai a pale i ka ʻai nui. ʻO nā kūlana noho kokoke i nā kūlana kūlohelohe e aloha i ka hānau ʻana o nā holoholona i ka pio.
Hoʻoweliweli i ka nui o Pointy-eared Myotis
ʻAno hōʻole nā pepeiao pepeiao kolohe i ka helehelena o ka poʻe i loko o nā ana, lele chaotically nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa makaʻu no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia mau holoholona no ka hoʻomākaukau mākū ʻana i nā ʻoihana lapaʻau, a i kekahi manawa e luku wale ʻia lākou me ka ʻole. ʻO ka nui o nā hale malumalu kahi e lilo ai ka myotis pepeiao pepeiao i ka hoʻoilo ke emi iki nei, no ka mea, kūkulu hou ʻia a kūkulu hou ʻia nā hale kahiko kahi a lākou e noho ai. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides i ka mahiʻai e alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi o ka helu o ka ʻōpeʻa kiko.
Ka pale ʻana i ka Myotis pepeiao pepeiao
Pale aku ʻo Myotis kuhi ʻia e ke kānāwai aupuni i ka hapa nui o ko lākou wahi noho. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hana palekana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka Bonn Convention a me ka Berne Convention i kēia ʻano. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā myotis kuhi ʻia i nā Appendices II a me IV o nā EU Directives. Pono lākou i nā hana mālama kūikawā, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā wahi mālama kūikawā. I ʻItalia, Sepania, Pokukala, nā ana, ke komo ʻana i nā ana kahi e noho ai ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa pepeiao pepeiao, pani ʻia me nā pā i hiki ʻole i nā mākaʻikaʻi pīhoihoi ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa. Pono nō hoʻi ia e pale i nā lehulehu o ka peʻa kikoʻī i ka wā hoʻoilo a me nā wā hānau. Pono e hana i nā hana kaiaulu e hōʻemi i ka hopohopo a hōʻemi i ke kiʻi ʻana o ke kanaka i nā hale ʻōpeʻapeʻa. Manaʻo maikaʻi nā myothes pepeiao pepeiao i ke pio ʻana, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hānau maikaʻi ʻana. Aia ka hoʻemi o ka nui o nā kānaka o ka laha i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka pae. No laila, pono kēia ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa e pale, i ka ʻāpana o ka laulā kahi maikaʻi ʻole ke ʻano.
